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The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of antihypertensive therapy with slow calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and ß-adrenergic receptor blockers on the metabolism and blood levels of major adrenal androgens and gonads, as well as the insulin resistance in males with arterial hypertension (AH) Ninety-one patients with AH and 15 age-matched healthy male controls were examined The hypertensive males treated with slow calcium-channel blockers or ACE inhibitors were found to have a lower level of insulin and higher levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and free testosterone on the 30th day of treatment Those on blockers were observed to have a higher level of insulin and lower levels of major adrenal and testicular androgens as compared with their baseline levels Therapy did not alter the levels of gonadotropic hormones, estradiol, and cortisol and they did not differ in the compared groups The family history of AH has a modulating effect on a hormonal response in males with AH treated with antihypertensive agents

Spina bifida is a developmental defect of the spinal cord and / or spine that results from abnormal closure of the embryonic neural tube. Many factors have been described to determine the risks of developing this pathology, but the incidence of the defect is still high. 61 % of patients with Spina bifida have neurogenic bladder dysfunction based on intravesical hypertension, which contributes to reverse urethral flow and bladder-uretero-renal reflux associated with chronic inflammatory and obstructive urinary tract disease. In 25-50 % of patients with Spina bifida, urological pathology is complicated by the development of chronic kidney disease, which significantly reduces the quality of life of these patients. In some types of Spina bifida, urological symptoms may be prominent or even isolated and may indicate the presence of the malformation. Therefore, early diagnosis of Spina bifida and timely prophylactic and therapeutic measures are of particular importance.