The use of nanoparticles in pre-sowing seed treatment increases the resistance of plants to pathogenic microflora, adverse weather conditions and increases the yield of crops. The study aimed to study the effect of molybdenum nanoparticles, a suspension of iron and silicon and preparations based on humic acids on the content of photosynthetic pigments, the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Hordeumvulgare L. plants and its productivity. The content of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids in different phases of plant development was determined using the standard method with Smashevsky modifications, catalytic activity according to the Ebi method, superoxide dismutase according to Hyannopolitis and Rice with some modifications of Polesskaya. Barley seed treatment with preparations based on iron, silicon, molybumum, bogum and molybdenum nanoparticles M Mo stimulates an increase in the level of photosynthetic pigments and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants. Using a composition created based on Fe3O4 (10–3 mg/L) and SiO2 (10–4 mg/L) nanoparticles in a 1: 1 ratio for the presowing treatment of barley seeds increases grain yield.
The present study assessed the toxic effects and prospects of using nanoparticles of SiO2 and Fe3O4 by studying the influence of pre-sowing priming of Pisum sativum L. seeds with a suspension of nanoparticles of SiO2 and Fe3O4 in a concentration range of 10−2 to 10−5 mg/l. The results demonstrated the stimulating effect of the SiO2 suspension (10−3 mg/l and 10−4 mg/l) and the mix of Fe3O4+SiO2 at the corresponding concentrations of 10−3 mg/l and 10−4 mg/l on the length of roots and seedlings, and the increase in the viability of plant cells under the influence of a stress factor (based on Evans blue staining). Field experience has shown the ambiguous effect of nano-printing of seeds on plant productivity.
Relevance. Modern plant growing technologies are associated with the use of nanoparticles for pre-sowing seed treatment. The article presents the results of studying the effect of pre-sowing treatment of Pisum sativum seeds with solutions of iron and silicon nanooxides on the germination, viability and yield of plants in the conditions of the Southern Ural. Methods. For pre-sowing treatment of seeds, solutions of nanoparticles of SiO2 and Fe3O4 were used at a concentration of 10–2, 10–3 and 10–4 mg/l, as well as a solution of mixture of two oxides. Cell viability was assessed by the method of Vijayaraghavaraddy, superoxide dismutase activity was determined by Giannopolitis and Ries, catalase, lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde content – by Heath and Packer, and the fractional composition of proteins in seeds – by Chen. Results. Determination of the germination of P. sativum showed a significant stimulation of seed germination and an increase in catalase activity when seeds were treated with SiO2 in two concentrations (up to 83 % and 146 %), Fe3O4 (up to 111 %) and Fe3O4 + SiO2 (up to 47 %). A decrease in the content of malonic dialdehyde due to the treatment with SiO2 and its mixture with Fe3O4 (up to 40 %) was noted. Against the background of the use of nanoparticles for pre-sowing seed treatment, the composition of the protein complex changed due to an increase in the pool of albumins by 88 % and a decrease in the content of globulins down to 9,8 %.
Влияние биопрепаратов на активность стрессовых ферментов и продуктивность ярового ячменя Н.И. Воскобулова, А.С. Верещагина, Р.Ш. Ураскулов Федеральный научный центр биологических систем и агротехнологий Российской академии наук (г. Оренбург) Аннотация. Для повышения продуктивности сельскохозяйственных культур в современных технологиях возделывания используются биопрепараты, принимающие участие в регуляции физиологических и биохимических процессов в растениях. Цель работы состояла в изучении влияния предпосевной обработки семян биологическими препаратами на основе гуминовых кислот на активность антиоксидантных ферментов в растениях ячменя ярового и его продуктивность. Объектом исследования служили яровой ячмень сорт Натали и препараты Биогумус и Борогум М молибденовый. Полевые исследования проводились по методике Б.А. Доспехова. В фазы кущения, выхода в трубку и начала колошения в растениях определяли активность антиоксидантных ферментов. Общую активность супероксиддисмутазы определяли по Гианнополитису и Райсу, каталазыспектрофотометрическим методом. Изучаемые препараты не оказывали положительного влияния на активность супероксиддисмутазы в растениях. Каталазная активность при обработке семян ячменя препаратом Биогумус повышалась в растениях в фазу кущения на 3,2 %, выхода в трубку -15,3 %, начала колошения -227,5 %. Биогумус увеличивал количество растений на единице площади, продуктивных стеблей и урожайность зерна. Сделано заключение, что применение Биогумуса для предпосевной обработки семян может стать новым способом биологической защиты растений.
One of the important methods of increasing the yield of cultivated plants is to reduce the yield of crops is pre-sowing treatment of seeds with modern preparations containing various elements and compounds in the nanoform. The aim of the work is to study the influence of pre-sowing treatment of pea seeds by suspension of iron and silicon oxide nanoparticles on germination and morphometric parameters of seedlings. As a result of the experiments with different compositions of seed treatment, it was observed that in the variants of the experiment using a mix of NPsSiO2 and Fe3O4, as well as a variant of Fe3O4 in a concentration of 10−3 mg/l, the germination of beans reached maximum values. In the course of the experiment in conditions of the laboratory experiment studied the effect of processing on pigments. The restructuring of the pigment apparatus was largely associated with an increase in total chlorophyll and carotenoids against the background of the use of a whole range of solutions for treatment with the maximum effect of increasing their concentration when using Fe3O4 (10−3 mg/l), SiO2 (10−3 mg/l) and SiO2 (10−4 mg/l) by the 35th day of the experiment in the green mass of plants.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.