We demonstrate spin injection into superconducting Nb by employing a spin absorption technique in lateral spin valve structures. Spin currents flowing in a nonmagnetic Cu channel are preferably absorbed into Nb due to its strong spin-orbit interaction, the amount of which dramatically changes below or above the superconducting critical temperature (TC). The charge imbalance effect observed in the Cu/Nb interface ensures that superconducting Nb absorbs pure spin currents even below TC. Our analyses based on the density of states calculated using the Usadel equation can well reproduce the experimental results, implying that the strong spin-orbit interaction of Nb is still effective for the spin absorption even below TC. Most importantly, our method allows us to determine the intrinsic spin relaxation time in the superconducting Nb, which reaches more than 4 times greater than that in the normal state.

SynopsisSimulation by plasticine is carried out to estimate the stress distribution and deformation o f steel in hot rolling and to prevent the generation of internal or surface crack of slab in continuous casting.In this report, first of all, the following dynamic properties of plasticine is treated to establish the foundation of simulation: i) Static properties (the stress-strain relation, its dependence on temperature and a criterion of yielding, etc.) ii) Kinetic properties (the dependence of stress on the strain-rate etc.) iii) Friction with metal surface. From the above investigation, it became clear that, there exists the following relation between the stress c(kgf/cm2), logarithmic strain e, strainrate (1/s) and temperature T (°K), in the region of T = 253° 323°K, e = 0.02-' 0.3 and E =10-2 10° 1/s; a = 1.15 X 10-5~0.085~012 exp 3 530 T Then the above result is compared with the deformation resistance of steel at high temperatures (about 1000°C). And it is confirmed that plasticine has well satisfied properties to simulate not only the deformation of steel at high temperatures but also the stress distribution.

Expression of the enzymes for anaerobic nitrate respiration of Pseudomonas aeruginosu requires two CRPIFNR-related transcriptional regulators, ANR and DNR. Activity of the consensus CRP-or FNR-dependent promoter in the anr and dnr deficient mutants was investigated. The CRP-dependent promoter was active in the mutant strains. Both regulators could activate the promoter with a consensus FNR-binding motif. DNR-dependent activation was nitrite-dependent, whereas activation by ANR was not, suggesting that only DNR is involved in sensing nitrogen oxides.

We propose a new scheme for determining the eigenfrequency of magnetic vortex dynamics, which has been hardly detected electrically because of its nanoscale diameter on the order of the exchange length, without exploiting large magnetoresistive materials or distorted core trajectories for homodyne spin torque diode detection. We have succeeded in measuring the rectified voltage generated via the in-plane anisotropic magnetoresistance effect using ac current at twice the frequency of the core gyration, and our method enables us to detect electrical signals originating from nondistorted symmetric circular gyration.