The study was carried out to characterize elite improved lines of Greengram genotypes developed at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lam, Guntur using DUS descriptors. The 29 elite improved lines and one released variety (LGG 460) were evaluated and characterized for 24 DUS descriptors i.e., anthocyanin colouration during cotyledonary stage, plant, stem, leaf, flower, pod and seed characters. 14characters out of 24 characters of DUS descriptors differed significantly indicating a large and exploitable amount of genetic variability for the individual elite improved line profile development for identification and protection. The elite lines are similar for the important plant traits like semi erect and determinate growth habit but the development of erect types is the need of hour and indicates the incorporation of new germplasm for the improvement of this trait in the present material. The DUS descriptor data generated with unique profiles of the elite improved lines can be used for the registration with PPV & FRA and seed purity testing.
Background: Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is economically most important disease of greengram reducing grain yields by 20-70%. Whiteflies and thrips are the most important insect pests which transmit the viral diseases MYMV and LCV respectively. The host plant resistance to MYMV disease in greengram genotypes has a great importance. The morpho-physiological and biochemical traits play an important role in host plant resistance against MYMV disease through insect vector resistance.Methods: A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 at RARS Lam Guntur in a randomized block design with eight greengram genotypes and replicated thrice under receding soil moisture condition. The experiment was conducted using eight greengram varieties (WGG 42, Pusa Vishal, LGG 607, LGG 630, LGG 601, LGG 610, LGG 460 and LGG 450) obtained from RARS Lam Guntur and the genotype LGG 450 was considered as a susceptible check. The estimation of sugars, phenols, tannins, trichome density and SCMR was done at vegetative and reproductive stages of crop growth.Result: A significant variation was observed among the varieties for all the traits observed at vegetative and reproductive growth stages during both rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. The total sugar content of the greengram varieties varied from 25.55 to 47.32 mgg-1 FW; the leaf phenolic content values ranged from 12.09 to 26.83 mg g-1 FW and the tannins content of the dried leaf samples ranged from 0.020 to 0.055 mgg-1 DW. The Trichome density of the greengram varieties varied from 75 to 162/cm2 of leaf area and the SCMR values ranged from 35.12 to 58.67. Higher seed yield was recorded in the variety LGG 630 followed by WGG 42 and the lower seed yield was recorded in the variety LGG 450 during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. The MYMV resistant varieties showed relatively higher phenolic, tannins content and trichome density and lower total sugar content in the leaf. The total sugar content showed a significant negative correlation with the seed yield. The SCMR value was significantly lower in the susceptible varieties of greengram with higher disease scores.
Background: Blackgram is one of the most important pulse crop in India and it is being affected by a number of insect pests from seedling stage to maturity. Among them whitefly is an important insect pest that transmit the viral disease, yellow mosaic virus (YMV), which is a major disease resulting in severe yield losses accounting for about 70% and infection at early stages may result in complete failure of the crop causing huge loss to the farmers economically. To overcome the losses due to this important disease in blackgram, study of host plant resistance to whiteflies, thereby minimizing the losses due to YMV disease is of great importance. The trichome density plays an important role as a morphological anti-feedant which reduces the pest attack and subsequently lowers the disease incidence and the plants with high trichome density showed less YMV symptom. The morpho-physiological and biochemical traits play an important role in host plant resistance against YMV disease through insect vector resistance and hence, the study was undertaken. Mathods: A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19 at RARS, Lam, Guntur in a randomized block design with eight blackgram varieties and replicated thrice under receding soil moisture condition. The experiment was conducted using eight blackgram varieties (LBG 787, GBG 1, TBG 104, LBG 884, LBG 806, LBG 808, LBG 623 and LBG 752) obtained from RARS Lam, Guntur and the variety LBG 623 was considered as a susceptible check. The estimation of sugars, phenols, tannins, trichome density and SCMR was done at vegetative and reproductive stages of crop growth. Result: A significant variation was observed among the varieties for all the traits observed at vegetative and reproductive growth stages during both rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. The total sugar content of the blackgram varieties varied from 25.16 to 49.82 mgg-1 FW; the leaf phenolic content values ranged from 10.26 to 23.55 mg g-1 FW and the tannins content of the dried leaf samples ranged from 0.014 to 0.052 mgg-1 DW. The trichome density of the blackgram varieties varied from 12.91 to 74.59/cm2 of leaf area and the SCMR values ranged from 24.21 to 55.17. Higher seed yield was recorded in the variety LBG 884 followed by GBG1 and the lower seed yield was recorded in the variety LBG 623 during rabi 2017-18 and 2018-19. The YMV resistant varieties showed relatively higher phenolic, tannins content and trichome density and lower total sugar content in the leaf. The total sugar content showed a significant negative correlation with the seed yield. The SCMR value was significantly lower in the susceptible varieties of blackgram with higher disease scores.
Mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is an important fibre crop in the north coastal zone of Andhra Pradesh which accounts for 59% of India's total production of mesta. The area under this crop has reduced dramatically in recent years and in order to understand the contribution of weather to this decline, long-term experimental data (14 years) on mesta cv. AMV-4 and regional crop yields were analysed. Crop yields decreased in seasons when rainfall exceeded 900 mm and maximum temperature remained below 32.08C during 10-16 weeks after sowing (WAS), which coincided with the active vegetative stage. The average yields of the region were high when seasonal rainfall ranged between 600 and 725 mm. Increased fibre yields were observed when increasing seasonal rainfall coincided with maximum temperatures exceeding 33.58C. Fibre yields from a long-term experiment showed strong positive correlations with maximum temperature during 6-16 WAS (r ¼ 0.79) and with mean diurnal temperature range (8.6-10.78C) during 11-19 WAS (r ¼ 0.66).Step-wise regression showed that maximum variability in fibre yield was explained by maximum temperature which could be used to develop models to predict yield at least one month in advance with acceptable accuracy. This prediction could then be used as an input for crop planning and market intelligence.
Background: In the current climate change scenario, high temperature stress is one of the major constraints limiting the yield of blackgram severely. The increasing global temperature is targeting the yield of blackgram by causing severe reproductive failures. In order to combat this problem, it is important and inevitable to screen blackgram genotypes that can withstand to high temperature and produce better yield even under adverse climatic conditions. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was carried out. Methods: Hundred blackgram genotypes were subjected to Temperature induction response technique, in which lethal temperature was standardized as 54°C for 3 hours and optimum induction temperature as 36-46°C. The selected genotypes from temperature induction response technique were further evaluated for biochemical traits using hierarchial clustering and principal component analysis. Result: The cellular level tolerance was assessed in blackgram genotypes using standardized lethal and optimum induction temperature. Based on the percent reduction in the seedling growth of induced over control and survival percentage, 27 blackgram genotypes were categorized as highly tolerant, 54 genotypes as moderately tolerant and 19 genotypes as susceptible. Biochemical characters such as antioxidant defence activity, lipid peroxidation and free radicals were analyzed in TIR induced 27 thermotolerant and 3 susceptible genotypes. The results indicated that all the traits such as total seedling length and antioxidant defence enzymes except malondialdehyde and free radicals showed a prominent increase under heat stress. Based on hierarchial clustering, 30 genotypes were clustered as 5 groups: tolerant (cluster-3,4), moderately tolerant (cluster-1,2) and susceptible (cluster-5). Principal component analysis showed that first five components showed 75.8% of total variation in control, whereas 63.3% of the total variance was covered by the first two PCs in heat induced conditions. The information generated from the study would help the breeders in developing heat tolerant varieties that perform better even under extreme high temperatures.
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