Introduction There were concerns raised regarding a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Uddanam, a fertile subtropical low-altitude territory in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of CKD, disease characteristics, and risk factor profile in this area. Methods We selected 2210 subjects (age >18 years) using multistage sampling. After obtaining demographic and anthropometric data, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, and blood glucose were measured in all the subjects. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Results Mean age of the subjects was 43.2 ± 14.2 years (range: 18–98), 44.3% were men and 55.7% were women. Mean eGFR of subjects was 94.3 ± 33.4. Low eGFR (<60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) was seen in 307 (13.98%) patients with a mean eGFR of 34.8 ± 16.6. The prevalence of subjects having low eGFR and with proteinuria (CKD) was 18.23%. Major risk factors, such as diabetes, long-standing hypertension, and significant proteinuria, were absent in 73% of patients with CKD, implying that a significant proportion of the population is afflicted with the entity “CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu).” Conclusion The prevalence of CKD and CKDu in Uddanam is much higher than other earlier studies in either rural or urban communities in India. We suggest that there is a dire need to review health policies and allocate resources for prevention and treatment of CKD in the Uddanam region.

Background: Globally, 51% of stroke (cerebrovascular disease) and 45% of ischaemic heart disease deaths are attributable to high systolic blood pressure. At any given age, the risk of dying from high blood pressure in low- and middle-income countries is more than double that in high-income countries. The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among rural population.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study conducted in villages under the rural field practice area of medical college in the month of May, 2017. 365 people participated in the hypertension screening camp constituted the study sample.Results: Prevalence of undiagnosed HTN was found to be 10.1% among study population. Nearly 58.1% of the people are with normal blood pressure while 31.2%, 10.7% of the study population are classified prehypertensive, hypertensives according to JNC- VII.Conclusions: Early detection and treatment of hypertension and other risk factors through Health education programs, public awareness campaigns to be conducted actively among population.

Background: The rising prevalence overweight and obesity in India has a direct correlation with the increasing prevalence of obesity-related co-morbidities; hypertension, the metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. The risk for these disorders appears to start from a body mass index (BMI) of about 21 kg/m2. The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of generalized and abdominal obesity in the field practice area.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study conducted among 309 people in the rural field practice area of medical college from January to March, 2017.Results: In the present study prevalence of generalized, abdominal and combined obesity was 56%, 71.2% and 51.3% respectively.Conclusions: Prevention of obesity should begin in early childhood. Obesity is harder to treat in adults than it is in children. The control of obesity centers on the weight reduction. Information Education and Communication (IEC), Behaviour change communication (BCC) is used to encourage individuals of the society to adopt healthy behaviours like dietary modifications, increased physical activity and a combination of both.

Background: Cardiac arrest is a substantial public health problem estimated to account for 15–20% of all death. It is documented that a timely performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can largely prevent sudden death. Being important members of the health care delivery team, medical professionals and nursing staff are deemed to pass the basic skills and expertise which are needed to perform CPR. The principle objectives of the research project are to assess knowledge and attitude of CPR and to compare knowledge regarding CPR among medical and nursing students.Methods: It was a cross sectional study for duration of 2 month from March 2013 to April 2013, conducted among 100 nursing and medical interns of a tertiary care institute in Vijayawada (A.P). Pre tested structured questionnaire of 2010 American health association guidelines for CPR and basic life support (BLS) Practice Test of National Health Care Provider Solutions of 30 questions were used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice among study participants. Results: The median for knowledge score of MBBS interns was 6 with inter-quartile range 2 and the median for the knowledge score of nursing interns was 6 with inter-quartile range 1. The median for the practice score for MBBS interns was 5 with inter-quartile range of 2.25 and median for practice score in case of nursing interns was 4 with inter-quartile range 2. 36% of MBBS interns had poor knowledge score and 46% of nursing interns had poor knowledge score. Conclusions: The present study identified the knowledge and practice score of BLS or CPR which is poor in both medical and nursing students, even though they have positive and good attitude towards it. BLS training should be the part of the curriculum to solve this issue.

Background: The consumption of medicine without consulting a doctor is called self-medication. In the recent decade, the prevalence of self-medication was increased mainly in the developing countries. The reason varies from the nonavailability of doctors to economical reason. But people are not aware of the side effects and interactions of drugs. This is risky behavior and may lead to death. The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence and various reasons, sources, and common drugs used for self-medication. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study conducted in Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. 166 houses were selected by using a simple random sampling method. One respondent from one household was interviewed by using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed by using SPSS V22. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were applied to find associations. Phi, Cramer Rao V, and contingency coefficient were applied to find the strength of association. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among 166 subjects, the majority (58.4%) of participants were in the age group between 18-30 and most of them were female 142 (85.5%). The prevalence of self-medication was 68.1%. The main source of self-medication was directly from the pharmacy, that is, pharmacists (72.6%). Analgesics were commonly (85%) self-medicated drug. The main indication for self-medication was headache (78.8%) and fever (66.4%). Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication was high and which is hazardous to health. This needs prompt legislative action.