This research was conducted to study weeds composition and diversity with regards to management practices at three oil palm plantations in Segamat, Johor. Using nested quadrat sampling approach, a total of 19 families, 35 genera, 43 species and 4465 number of individuals of weeds species were found and recorded from the three plantations. The Shannon diversity index, H’ was 3.45 whereas the Evenness index, EH for the overall weeds species was 0.92. The highest weed diversity was observed at Kg. Sri Rahmat oil palm plantation (H’=3.11) located at the lowest elevation with the least herbicide application and pruning practices followed by Kg. Logah (H’=3.07) and Felda Medoi (H’=2.83). The overall species evenness for this study area was 0.92 indicating that the species distribution was relatively high in monoculture system. At Kg. Logah, the species evenness was almost totally even (EH=0.98) followed by Kg. Sri Rahmat (EH=0.97) and Felda Medoi (EH=0.93). Both family Poaceae and Rubiaceae contributed to the highest species richness within the study area. Therefore, the composition and diversity of weeds recorded from this research was relatively high. There were several factors that could potentially affect the weeds diversity such as farming system, age oil palm plantation, pruning treatment (canopy), management through usage of herbicide, type and usage of fertilizer and location of oil palm plantation based on different elevations. This study is essential for sustaining oil palm production through successful weed control using diversity data and management histories as an indicator.
Species richness in rubber plantations varies considerably with regards to production and management activities. This research was conducted to identify the diversity and richness of common plants in rubber plantations at Segamat, Johor. To answer the question of how rubber plantations owned by local smallholders affects the plant diversity, quadrat random method with 5 x 5 m plotting site was established in three different aged of rubber plantations at Segamat area which are Kg. Sedeng, Kg. Logah and Kg. Jawa. Each of the locations consisted of 10 sampling quadrats making a total of 30 quadrats. The results showed there are a total of 41 species belonging to 36 genera and 24 families in the 30 plots of the three plantations. The most dominant families were Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Asteraceae. The plants diversity were documented in rubber plantations at different location to record the number of species, the species evenness, similarity index, species richness, abundance parameter and important value index (IV i ). As for all three locations, the plants species were moderately diverse as the value of Shannon Diversity Index (H’) moving closer to Hmax but all the plotted area within three location showed higher evenness in species distribution. Based the result from density and frequency of abundance parameter, Asystasia gangetica species was the common species in all plantations. For the IV i , there was only one species with absolute dominance (higher than 10%) which was Asystasia gangetica with value 13.62% for overall location at Segamat, Johor. In conclusion, the most common species in the smallholder rubber plantations at Segamat, Johor was Asystasia gangetica, Bridelia tomentosa, Ageratum conozoides, Caryota mitis and Melastoma malabathricum. The rubber plantations adopting a minimal or natural management approach were dominated by common weed species and invasive plants. Despite the benefits of maintaining high species diversity for sustaining the gene pool, improving management practices is beneficial to improve yield and productivity.
Species diversity of climbers were inventoried in four nature trails of Agro Techno Park Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Jeli campus. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity, composition and abundances of climbers in Agro Techno Park Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus. Samples of the climbers were randomly collected from four natural trails for herbarium preparation and preserved using 70% ethanol solution. The preservation was done by putting the samples in zip lock transparent bag that contained of 70% ethanol solution. The samples were oven-dried at 30-40 °C, mounted and labelled before identification. The diversity pattern of the climbers was analyzed by using Shannon Diversity Index, Shannon Evenness Index, Margalef Richness Index, Abundance Parameters and Importance Value Index (IVI). A total of 593 climbers belonging to 35 species were recorded. Family Fabaceae was the most diverse plant from the climbers’ family which consisted of 4 genera and 5 species. This was followed by family Menispermaceae, Melastomataceae, Connaraceae, Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae and Vitaceae. The result obtained indicated that alteration of the ecological environment through natural disturbances influenced the abundance and distribution of climbers.
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