Background: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine derangement met with in clinical practice. Deficiency of thyroid hormones can have a significant effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the association of insulin resistance and lipid profile with serum triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in hypothyroidism. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital after obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Thirty primary hypothyroid subjects were selected as cases based on their TSH values (>4 uIU/mL) and thirty normal subjects as controls after proper exclusion and after getting the informed consent. Their fasting plasma glucose levels, lipid profile, and serum T3, T4, TSH were measured. Homeostasis model Assessment using OXFORD HOMA 2 CALCULATOR was used to determine the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: The mean values of HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly higher in hypothyroid group than in normal controls. HOMA-IR showed a significant negative correlation with T3 and T4. The correlations of HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides with TSH were positive. Conclusion: The present study shows that hypothyroidism leads to an elevated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
Background: Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid hormones play a key role in regulating the synthesis, metabolism, and mobilization of lipids. Levels of circulating lipids may alter in thyroid dysfunction. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the alterations of lipid levels in thyroid dysfunction. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as cross-sectional observational study and analysis of values was done by significant tests difference in means. 20 patients with hypothyroidism, 20 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 20 normal were participated in the study. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), LDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratio were estimated and compared. Results: In patients with hypothyroidism, there was an increase in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels and decrease in HDL-C levels. In hyperthyroidism, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratio were found to be significantly decreased. Conclusion: Altered thyroid function can lead to significant changes in the lipid profile. Hypothyroidism is an important risk factor for heart diseases. Hence, routine screening of thyroid hormones may be of considerable help for early intervention and treatment of thyroid dysfunction-related cardiac disease.
Background: Essential hypertension (EHT) poses as a major health issue in developed countries. It shows a strong association with cardiovascular disease and significantly contributes to patient morbidity and mortality, as well as economic burden. The association of hyperuricemia with EHT is demonstrated by several researchers. It is postulated that increased serum uric acid (SUA) level is thought to play a pathogenic role in the evolution of EHT. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between SUA and EHT and also to determine the correlation coefficient between SUA levels and blood pressure (BP) in subjects with EHT. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based case–control study included 50 newly diagnosed and untreated hypertensive patients of all genders in age group of 35–65 years having BP ≥140/90 mm Hg as cases. Fifty age- and sex-matched and normotensive subjects were included as controls. Patients with history of diabetes mellitus, renal diseases, chronic liver disease, familial hyperlipidemia, gout, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and patients on lipid lowering drugs were excluded from the study. SUA was measured in all study and control subjects by standard method. Results: Mean SUA level was significantly higher in EHT group (7.83 ± 0.16) as compared to control group (4.99 ± 0.31) (P < 0.001). Positive and significant correlation was found between SUA and systolic BP (R2 = 0.59, P < 0.001), diastolic BP (DBP) (R2 = 0.59, P < 0.001), and mean BP (R2 = 0.62, P < 0.001). Hyperuricemia was observed in significantly higher proportion in cases (n = 47, 94%) as compared to controls (n = 6, 12%) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Increased SUA level has significant association with EHT after regulating several confounding factors. The count of hyperuricemic individuals as well as mean SUA level was significantly higher in newly diagnosed cases of hypertension in comparison to normotensive controls. There was significant positive association between SUA and BP in hypertensive cases.
Background: Preeclampsia is one of the major complications affecting the pregnancy. It is an important cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the renal function and serum C reactive protein (CRP) levels in pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: Our study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 90 pregnant women in a tertiary care center in Kerala. The Institutional Ethics Committee approved the study. Blood urea, serum creatinine, and serum CRP levels were estimated in 30 normotensive pregnant women, 30 mild preeclamptic, and 30 severe pre eclamptic women. Statistical analysis was done. Results: The mean values of all the three parameters were highest in severe pre-eclampsia when compared to the normotensive pregnant women. The mean values in mild pre-eclampsia lies in between the values of other two groups. The results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Significant alteration in renal function tests and serum CRP levels prove to be an important indicator in assessing the severity of preeclampsia.
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