Smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the human uterine tube isthmus have been studied in two groups — healthy nonpregnant women who underwent surgical sterilization and patients with ectopic (ampullar) pregnancies. The method of target cell dissociation was used. An analysis was performed using the methods of morphometry and quantitative histochemistry (including the analysis of nuclear DNA content, and cytoplasmic protein content). Three types of myocytes with different structural-metabolic parameters have been revealed. The comparative analysis of intact and affected SM of the tubal isthmus demonstrated changes in the structure of leiomyocytes population, optic density of cytoplasmic protein and proliferative activity of myocytes.
Aim. To estimate social and somatic statuses, key-indicators of pregnancy, childbirth and condition of neonates in female adolescents living on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region for the period of 20 years. Methods. A comparative assessment of clinical scores of pregnancy and childbirth in women under the age of 18 years, residing in Arkhangelsk region for 1990-1995 and 2011-2014 years was performed on the basis of medical records and questionnaire survey. Results. A decrease of employed adolescents (6.6% currently vs. 42.4 % in the 90s) and the increase of students (61.5 % in 20112014 and 25.8 % in 1990 1995) were found over the past 20 years. Chronic extragenital pathology in minors increased (43.5 % in the 90 years and 65.9 % - in 2011-2014). The complications structure and the incidence of pregnancy and childbirth in adolescents over the past 20 years have been quite comparable. The increase in the IUGR rate (from 6.7 % to 12.6 %) and cesarean section (from 5.5 % to 13.0 %) in young women was stated Conclusions. Pregnant adolescent's social status has been changed to increasing number of students. The rate of comorbidity in minors has grown. There were no significant differences in the frequency and structure of pregnancy and childbirth complications, as well as perinatal outcomes in young women for the period of 20 years.
Fetal growth restriction is a condition that is defined as the inability of a fetus to reach its full genetically determined growth potential. The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis is a placental dysfunction in the form of inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Clinically, this is reflected by a drop in fetal size percentiles over the course of gestation. Worldwide, fetal growth restriction is a leading cause of stillbirth, neonatal mortality and morbidity in postnatal period. Prenatal identification of fetuses with this pathology significantly reduces the incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes. However, recognizing this pathology is often a hard challenge because fetal growth cannot be assessed using only a few biometric parameters of fetal size and the fetal growth potential is hypothetical. It is also necessary to distinguish between fetal growth restriction and a fetus small for gestational age to determine the correct the management of pregnancy and the timing of delivery. In this article, we present the approaches to the management of pregnancies and deliveries in fetal growth restriction, and we identify directions for further research in this area.
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