Background: Of the estimated 384,000 needle-stick injuries occurring in hospitals each year, 23% occur in surgical settings. This study was conducted to assess safe injection procedures, injection practices, and circumstances contributing to needlestick and sharps injures (NSSIs) in operating rooms. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional approach was adopted. Modified observational checklists based on World Health Organization (WHO) definitions were used in operating rooms (n = 34) and interview questionnaire was administered to HCWs (n = 318) at the Alexandria Main University Hospital. Results: Safe injection procedures regarding final waste disposal were sufficiently adopted, while measures regarding disposable injection equipment, waste containers, hand hygiene, as well as injection practices were inadequately carried out. Lack of job aid posters that promote safe injection and safe disposal of injection equipment (100%), overflowing of sharps containers and presence of infectious waste outside containers (50%), HCWs not cleaning their hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub (58.1%), and HCWs not wearing gloves during IV cannula insertion (58.1%), were all findings during observations. High prevalence of NSSIs was reported (61.3%), mostly during handling suture needles (50.8%). In addition, 66.2% of the injured HCWs were the original user of the sharp item which was contaminated in 80% of injuries. At time of NSSI, 79% HCWs were wearing gloves. The most common injured sites were left fingers (39.5%), and 55.4% of injuries were superficial. After exposure, 97.9% did not report their exposure. The source patient was not tested for HBV, HCV and HIV infection in more than 70% of injuries and 96.9% of injured HCWs did not receive post exposure prophylaxis. Conclusion: The study highlighted that inadequately adopted safe injection procedures and insufficient injection practices lead to high prevalence of NSSIs in operating rooms.

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A study of gender differences in health care utilization and outcome of respiratory tuberculosis was carried out in Alexandria, Egypt. A cohort of 334 patients was followed-up for 8 months; 69.2% of cases were males. The pattern of tuberculosis symptoms was similar for both sexes. Women started treatment earlier than men. Women had significantly lower scores in knowledge, beliefs and attitudes about tuberculosis than men. Compliance was unsatisfactory for both sexes. Men tended to be more adherent to drugs and to sputum and X-ray examinations but there were no sex differences in compliance with health education and medical examinations. No significant sex differences in treatment outcome were found: the overall cure rate was 60.5% and treatment failure was 4.8%. Multiple regression analysis showed satisfaction with medical care was the only significant predictor of treatment failure

Introduction: Safety problems are basically related to unsafe or careless employees. Many safety problems can be resolved, if behaviors are closely monitored and corrected. Studies found that the causes of accidents at workplace are due to workers' negligence, failure to comply with work procedures, and poor safety attitude. Aim of work: To determine the current status of workers' commitment for HSE (Health, Safety, and Environmental), management systems in some petroleum companies and provide evidence about the factors that should be encouraged to reduce risks and improve commitment in workers' behavior in these organizations. Materials and Methods: It comprised two parts; part I which was an inspection-based study for measuring the percentage of applying the occupational management systems according to OHSAS 18001/2007 in three petroleum companies using Accident Compensation Cooperation (ACC's) workplace safety management audit checklist (2017), and selection of the lowest committed company to apply the second stage, and part II which was intervention study by performing training sessions concentrating on behavioral based safety (BBS) to measure the relation of safety behavior with safety knowledge. Results: From the results of ACC's checklist, the company that had the lowest achievement percentage was Company A which had 75% compliance with the OHSAS18001/2007. It was revealed that safety culture does not have a significant direct effect on personnel behavior before training (β=0.112, p=0.234) which was reversed after training (β=-0.112, p=0.000). Conclusion:The present study approved the significant influence of safety culture in ameliorating personnel safety behaviors in petroleum sites emphasizing the obligation