The main purpose of the work was to determine the prospects for the use of silver nanoparticles in woody plants tissue culture and to identify possible limitations. The paper presents the results of experiments on the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to increase the efficiency of in vitro tissue culture of woody plant cultures using the example of gray poplar (Populus × canescens Aiton. Sm.) at various stages of microclonal reproduction. It has been shown that sequential treatment with 7.5 g/L NaOCl for 30 min and 0.3 g/L AgNPs for 5 min allows obtaining 100% phytopathogen-free explants, increasing their viability. Modification of the nutrient medium with AgNPs at concentrations of 1.5…3 μg/L during multiplication and rooting reduces the phytopathogen infestation, and also stimulates the formation of the root system and accelerates the growth of the vegetative part of the shoots. In addition, the combination of photosynthetic and enzymatic activity suggests a rather high potential for stress resistance of experimental microclones in comparison with control ones.
We have studied the effects of CuO nanoparticles with the mean lateral dimension 300×500 nm and thickness about 50 nm on hybrid poplar×aspen clones at various stages of micropropagation. It has been established that CuO nanoparticles display a strong sterilizing activity and enhance rhizogenesis in microplants. At the culture establishment stage exposure to 1.5 - 3 μg/L CuO increased the number of leaves and roots, and stimulated the root system development. At 15 μg/L had an inhibiting effect on the studied parameters. At the multiplication stage we observed a considerable decrease in the height of shoots, and thickness of leaf lamina and stem diameter. At the same time a significant increase in the regenerants survival rate was observed (+20%), together with improved rhizogenesis. During the rooting stage, a 30% increase in the number of microclones with roots was detected, as well as a twofold increase in the number of roots on each plant. Besides, the nanomaterial had a stimulating effect on the shoots growth, increasing their height by 25%.Thus, it has been established that CuO nanoparticles produce differently directed effects on the growth and development of poplar×aspen hybrid microclones, depending on the micropropagation stage.
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