Summary The activity of GR7 and Striga germination stimulant(s) from Euphorbia aegyptiaca Boiss. showed adequate persistence (6–8 days) in acidic soils (pH 5·0–6·3), but residual activity was short (1–3 days) in alkaline soils. The compounds tended to lose activity at a faster rate in the alkaline clay Gezira soil (pH 7·8), than in its sandy equivalent (pH 8·1). In solution, pH had no influence on initial activity, but residual action was reduced more rapidly by alkalinity and high temperature. However, the rate of loss of activity in solution was slower than in soils.
Summary Aqueous extracts of fifteen Euphorbia species induced germination of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. seeds to varying extents. Extracts from E. supina Raf., E. pilulifera Jacq., E. acalyphoides Hochst. ex. Boiss, E. prunifolia (Jacq.) Hort. Schoent., E. hirta L., E. aegyptiaca Boiss, E. splendens Boj., and E. granulata Forsk, were the most active. Extracts from E. acalyphoides and E. pilulifera were inhibitory at high concentrations. Undiluted extracts from E. pilulifera, E. aegyptiaca and E. hirta induced haustorial initiation. The stimulatory substance(s) were widely distributed in plants of E. aegyptiaca. Extracts from E. aegyptiaca also stimulated seed germination and haustorial initiation in a range of Striga species and strains.
Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Unrestricted weed growth resulted in serious yield losses (67–78%) in cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.). Hand‐weeding once at 6 weeks after crop sowing was ineffective (48% loss). In plots treated with oxidiazon, cotton yield progressively decreased as applications were made earlier than planting time. Spraying with 1.07 kg ha−1 30 days prior to sowing gave 54–69% less yield than the same dose applied at or within 7 days of sowing. Oxadiazon at sowing gave better weed control than pre‐sowing treatments and required less time for supplementary weeding. Air‐dry weight of weeds as a percentage of the unweeded plots was 74% when the herbicide treatments were made 30 days before sowing, but was only 10% when the herbicide treatments were made at sowing. Chemical analysis of soil samples collected from the treated plots at sowing revealed that 6.5, 74 and 78% of the applied dose was recoverable from plots treated 30, 15 and 7 days before planting. Influence de l'époque d'application de l'oxadiazon sur l'efficacité de l'herbicide en culture de cotonnier au Gezira du Soudan La libre croissance des mauvaises herbes a amené des pertes importantes (67–78%) dans le rendement du coton (Gossypium barbadense L.). Le désherbage manuel 6 semaines après le semis s'est montré inefficace (perte de 48%). Sur des parcelles recevant l'oxadiazon, les rendementsen coton ont diminuéà mesure que les applications préeédaient le semis. Une pulvérisation de 1,07 kg ha−1 30 jours avant le semis a donné un rendement inférieur de 54 a 69%à celui obtenu avec la même dose appliquée pas plus que 7 jours avant le semis. Appliqué au moment du semis, l'oxadiazon a permis une maîtrise des adventices supérieure à celle des traitements de pré‐semis; il a également exigé un désherbage supplémentaire moins onéreux. Lors des traitements 30 jours avant le semis, le poids sec des mauvaises herbes etait 74% de celui des adventices sur les parcelles non‐traitées mais les traitements au moment du semis ont réduit ce chiffre a 10%. Une analyse chimique d'échantillons de terre, prélevées au moment du semis sur les parcelles traitées, a révélé que 6,5%, 74% et 78% de la dose appliquée était récupérable sur les parcelles traitées 30, 15 et 7 jours avant le semis respectivement. Ueber den Einfluss des Zeitpunktes der Behandlung auf die herbizide Wirkung von Oxadiazon in Baumwolle im Sudan (Gezira) Ungehinderte Unkrautentwicklung in Baumwolle (Gossypium barbadense L.) verursacht grosse Ernteverluste (67–78%). Manuelle Unkrautbeseitigung 6 Wochen nach der Aussaat war praktisch wirkungslos (Verlust 48%). Je früher vor der Baumwollsaat die Parzellen mit Oxadiazon behandelt worden waren, deasto mehr nahm der Ernteertrag ab. Eine Behandlung mit 1,07 kg ha−1 30 Tage vor der Saat resulticrte in einem 54–69% geringeren Ertrag, als eine Behandlung mit derselben Dosierung bei der oder innert 7 Tagen nach der Saat. Oxadiazon zur Pflanzzeit appliziert, ergab eine bessere Unkrautbekämpfung als Behandlungen vor der Aussaat und erforderten weniger z...
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