In order to promote farming of guinea fowl and to diversify the sources of income of Ivorian farmers, a survey was conducted in 2016 in 15 regions (197 farmers) out of a total of 31 regions in Ivory Coast. The aims were 1) to establish a better knowledge of guinea fowl farming; 2) to assess the level of technical knowledge of farmers; and 3) to establish a global typology of farmers based on their socio-economic profile, the goal of the farming (sale or consumption), and their level of technical knowledge. The sampling was realized according to a snowball type design (chain referral sampling method) a non-probabilistic method where farmers were selected not from a sampling frame but from the friendship network of existing farmers of the sample. Guinea fowl farming was undertaken by persons from all the social levels with no distinctions due to sex, religion, ethnic group, or level of education. For farmers with more than 48 guinea fowl and farmers who were Muslims, farming was a source of income. Owners of guinea fowl under 60 yr old, Christians and atheists kept a part of their production for their own consumption and marketed the remainder of the flock. Incubation was primarily accomplished by a laying hen, with an estimated hatching rate of 72%. In our survey, 68.5% of the farmers had a good practical knowledge of guinea fowl farming. The identified weaknesses of guinea fowl farming in the regions where the survey took place were the absence of knowledge of guinea fowl farming and the poverty of farmers who could not afford incubators nor provide a good nutrition to their animals. The future development of this farming will have to take into account all these weaknesses that are also limitations to this development.
RESUMELa caviaculture contribue à la résilience des systèmes agricoles, en période de post conflit. Bien que présent en Côte d'Ivoire, elle ne fait pas encore partie des solutions promues par les gouvernants. L'objectif de cette étude est d'assurer une meilleure connaissance des systèmes de production et des performances du cobaye dans les conditions locales avant de proposer une stratégie incitative à la pratique de cet élevage. A cet effet, une enquête technico-socio-économique transversale et rétrospective basée sur une méthode non probabiliste dite en « boule-de-neige » a été menée dans six départements. La caviaculture présente en zones urbaine et rurale sous forme traditionnelle souffre d'un manque de suivi et de technicité, car menée essentiellement par les enfants et les adolescents sans formation préalable. La pratique durable de cet élevage nécessitera un réel changement au niveau de la sensibilisation des populations, du système d'élevage, de l'amélioration génétique ainsi que de la commercialisation des produits. Parmi les stratégies incitatives, figurent, entre autres, des activités scolaires éduquant les enfants, et influençant leurs parents (éducation ascendante) et des activités visant l'amélioration de la représentativité des ménagères au sein des éleveurs afin que cet animal entre entièrement dans les habitudes alimentaires.
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