a b s t r a c tGenetic diversity and population structure were analyzed in the Lusitano horse breed based on pedigree information of animals registered in the Studbook, to identify factors which may have affected the genetic variability of the breed, and provide the bases for the establishment of sustainable utilization programs. Pedigree records collected from 1824 to 2009, including information on 53,411 animals, were used in the analyses. The mean generation interval was 11.337 5.23 and 9.71 74.48 years for sires and dams, respectively, while the mean number of offspring registered was 13.13 7 22.53 for stallions and 4.00 7 3.38 for mares. All great-grandparents were known for the animals in the reference population (registered foals born from 2005 to 2009, n ¼9712), which had a mean number of equivalent generations known of 11.20 70.71 and an average inbreeding of 11.34 77.48%. For this population, the rate of inbreeding per year was 0.173 7 0.070, and the effective population size computed from this rate was about 28. The mean relationship among animals from the same and from different studs was 0.31 7 0.16 and 0.15 7 0.10, respectively. In spite of the high within-stud relationship, inbreeding has been kept lower than expected due to restrictions imposed by breeders on selection and allocation of mates. The effective number of founders, ancestors and studs contributing to the current genetic pool was 27.5, 11.7 and 5.4, respectively. Over the last 30 years, contributions to the genetic pool of Lusitano have been decreasing, with a reduction to about one-half in the effective number of founders and ancestors. Of the 267 founder sires, only 9 Y-chromosome sources are currently represented, with an effective number of 2.23. The diversity of mt-DNA sources is broader, with 129 lineages represented and an effective number of 42.8. The results of our study reflect the intensive emphasis that has been placed on a few sire-families over the years, and raise concerns regarding the conservation of genetic diversity for the future. Methods designed to minimize inbreeding and maximize the maintenance of genetic contributions from different founders and ancestors should be envisaged, to prevent further losses of genetic variability in the Lusitano horse breed.
Here we report on a particular type of RPC that presents up to 99% efficiency for minimum ionizing particles and a very sharp time resolution, below 50 ps σ in the most optimized conditions. Our 9 cm 2 cells, made with glass and metal electrodes that form accurately spaced gaps of a few hundred micrometers, are operated at atmospheric pressure in non-flammable gases and can be economically produced in large quantities, opening perspectives for the construction of large area time of flight systems.
a b s t r a c tGenetic parameters were estimated for morphology, gaits and functional traits in Lusitano horses by uni-and multivariate animal models. Morphological traits considered in the analyses were partial scores attributed to up to 18,076 horses at the time of registration in the studbook and included head and neck, shoulder and withers, chest and thorax, back and loin, croup, legs and overall impression, plus a final score computed by summing the partial morphological scores and the gaits score. The functional traits considered were the scores obtained in the dressage and maneability trials of working equitation (WE, about 1500 records by 200 horses), and classical dressage (12,131 records by 759 horses). The heritability (h 2 ) estimates for all partial morphological scores ranged between 0.12 and 0.18, except for legs (0.07). The h 2 for final score, height at withers and gaits was 0.18, 0.61 and 0.17, respectively, while for WE dressage trial and classical dressage it was 0.32 and for WE maneability trial it was 0.18. The genetic correlations (r G ) of final score with the different partial scores were generally high (0.56-0.95), while among partial components of morphology they were positive but widely different (0.08-0.77). With the exception of legs, r G between morphology/gaits and functional traits were positive, with a stronger relationship between morphological traits and performance in WE dressage trial (r G between 0.36 and 0.56) when compared with performance in maneability trial or classical dressage. Height at withers had a r G of 0.40 with performance in classical dressage, but lower r G (0.06 and À 0.10) with WE trials. Final score and overall impression had moderate to strong genetic relationships with functional traits, especially with WE dressage trial, while gaits had a strong r G with performance in all the disciplines (0.60-0.72). Indirect selection for morphology/gaits to improve functionality was assessed, by selecting for final score or a combined index of partial scores. Compared to direct selection for functionality, selection for final score or an index combining partial morphological scores would be less effective, resulting in accuracies of, respectively, 0.28 and 0.37 for WE dressage trial, 0.14 and 0.38 for WE maneability trial and 0.22 and 0.39 for classical dressage. Thus, an index combining all partial morphological scores would be better than selection for overall final score, but its relative efficiency compared to direct selection would be about 0.7 in WE dressage trial and classical dressage, and 0.9 in WE maneability trial. Lusitano horses maintain considerable levels of genetic variability, and selection for both morphology and functionality should be effective. The favorable genetic relationships existing between morphology and performance indicate that morphology/gaits traits can play an important role in a two-stage selection program, contributing to enhance selection
-Records from up to 19 054 registered cows and 10 297 calves in 155 herds of the Alentejana cattle breed were used to study the effects of individual (F i ) and maternal (F m ) inbreeding on reproductive, growth and carcass traits, as well as assessing the importance of non-linear associations between inbreeding and performance, and evaluating the differences among sire-families in the effect of F i and F m on calf weight at 7 months of age (W7M). Overall, regression coefficients of performance traits on inbreeding were small, indicating a minor but still detrimental effect of both F i and F m on most traits. The traits with the highest percentage impact of F i were total number of calvings through life and calf weight at 3 months of age (W3M), followed by longevity and number of calves produced up to 7 years, while the highest effect of F m was on W3M. Inbreeding depression on feed efficiency and carcass traits was extremely small and not significant. No evidence was found of a non-linear association between inbreeding and performance for the traits analyzed. Large differences were detected among sire-families in inbreeding depression on W7M, for both F i and F m , encouraging the possibility of incorporating sire effects on inbreeding depression into selection decisions.Alentejana / cattle / inbreeding depression / individual inbreeding / maternal inbreeding
Please cite this article as: Anastácio, S., Tavares, N., Carolino, N., SidiBoumedine, K., da Silva, G.J., Serological evidence of exposure to Coxiella burnetii in sheep and goats in central Portugal, Veterinary Microbiology (2013), http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.004 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. individual prevalence was estimated at 9.6% (95% CI: 6.9 to 12.2%), and it was higher 12 in goats (10.4%; 95% CI: 7.8 to 13%) than in sheep (8.6%; 95% CI: 5.8 to 11.4%). 13Sample positive percentages (S/P) ranged from 41.5 to 185.9%. S/P percent higher than
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