Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a drastic reduction in surgical activity in order to respond to the influx of hospital patients and to protect uninfected patients by avoiding hospitalization. However, little is known about the risk of infection during hospitalization or its consequences. The aim of this work was to report a series of patients hospitalized on digestive surgery services who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 virus. Methods: This is a non-interventional retrospective study carried out within three departments of digestive surgery. The clinical, biological and radiological data of the patients who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 were collected from the computerized medical record. Results: From March 1, 2020 to April 5, 2020, among 305 patients admitted to digestive surgery departments, 15 (4.9%) developed evident nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2. There were nine men and six women, with a median age of 62 years (35-68 years). All patients had comorbidities. The reasons for hospitalization were: surgical treatment of cancer (n = 5), complex emergencies (n = 5), treatment of complications linked to cancer or its treatment (n = 3), gastroplasty (n = 1), and stoma closure (n = 1). The median time from admission to diagnosis of SARS-Cov-2 infection was 34 days (5-61 days). In 12 patients (80%), the diagnosis was made after a hospital stay of more than 14 days (15-63 days). At the end of the follow-up, two patients had died, seven were still hospitalized with two of them on respiratory assistance, and six patients were discharged post-hospitalization. Conclusions: The risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection during hospitalization or following digestive surgery is a real and potentially serious risk. Measures are necessary to minimize this risk in order to return to safe surgical activity.

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Mustelids’ bite : anatomical, ethological and pathological data. Mustelids live in almost all land-based ecosystems, on plains, in the mountains, in deserts or on the coast. Each one of them has specificities. However their bite is powerful compared to their small size which makes their restraint a dangerous threat. The scientific literature on the topic is summed up in this article. The anatomical study of mustelids’ skulls shows us why their teeth and musculoskeletal system can cause severe wounds. In regard to their several feeding behaviors, major variations exist despite their common jaw-closing strength. Understanding their behavior allows us appraise the part of the bite within their species or with their environment. As some mustelids are closed to humans, foreseeing handling accidents is necessarily through understanding their behavior, their living spaces shifts and captivity, though there is a clear difference between pet mustelids that can learn on biting and wild mustelids that should not change their behavior. Once biting happened, first trauma is taken over so as to minimize the injury extent. Then infectious side should be considered. On one hand, commensal microorganisms and especially Pasteurella should be treated. On the other hand, regarding to the kind and geographic origin of the mustelid that bite, other public health infectious risks should be considered (rabies, mycobacteriosis, streptobacillosis, tetanus …).