In a single-blind, placebo-controlled study, the effects of a 3-month oral administration of 160 mg/day testosterone undecanoate (Andriol) on the quality of life of men with testosterone deficiency were evaluated. The subjects included ten men with primary hypogonadism and 29 with andropause with sexual dysfunction as the most common problem. The changes in subjective symptoms were evaluated by the PNUH QoL scoring system and the St. Louis University Questionnaire for androgen deficiency in aging males (ADAM). Digital rectal examination (DRE) was performed and serum testosterone, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and liver profile were monitored. Testosterone undecanoate treatment (n = 33) significantly improved sexual dysfunction and symptom scores of metabolic, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal functions compared to baseline and to placebo (n = 6). ADAM score also significantly improved after 3 months of treatment. Serum testosterone was significantly increased compared to pretreatment levels only in the testosterone undecanoate group. In the placebo group, no significant changes compared to baseline were found for testosterone levels and QoL questionnaires. No abnormal findings were detected on DRE or laboratory findings in either group. Adverse events, such as gastrointestinal problems and fatigue, were mild and self-limiting. It is concluded that androgen supplement therapy with oral testosterone undecanoate (Andriol) restores the quality of life through improvement of general body functions in men with testosterone deficiency.
In a single-blind, placebo-controlled study, the effects of a 3-month oral administration of 160 mg/day testosterone undecanoate (Andriol) on the quality of life of men with testosterone deficiency were evaluated. The subjects included ten men with primary hypogonadism and 29 with andropause with sexual dysfunction as the most common problem. The changes in subjective symptoms were evaluated by the PNUH QoL scoring system and the St. Louis University Questionnaire for androgen deficiency in aging males (ADAM). Digital rectal examination (DRE) was performed and serum testosterone, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and liver profile were monitored. Testosterone undecanoate treatment (n = 33) significantly improved sexual dysfunction and symptom scores of metabolic, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal functions compared to baseline and to placebo (n = 6). ADAM score also significantly improved after 3 months of treatment. Serum testosterone was significantly increased compared to pretreatment levels only in the testosterone undecanoate group. In the placebo group, no significant changes compared to baseline were found for testosterone levels and QoL questionnaires. No abnormal findings were detected on DRE or laboratory findings in either group. Adverse events, such as gastrointestinal problems and fatigue, were mild and self-limiting. It is concluded that androgen supplement therapy with oral testosterone undecanoate (Andriol) restores the quality of life through improvement of general body functions in men with testosterone deficiency.
kip2 , a KIP family cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor, blocks the cell cycle by acting on multiple cyclin-Cdk complexes. To investigate the role of p57 kip2 in human fertility, the expression of p57 kip2 was investigated in testes from normal and obstructive azoospermic male patients who were positive for p57 kip2 mRNA. In the seminiferous tubule, strong immunoreactivity of p57 kip2 was found in nuclei of early spermatocytes, but not in the spermatogonia. The p57 kip2 immunoreactivity in spermatocytes was markedly heterogeneous. Preleptotene spermatocytes showed strong p57 kip2 immunoreactivity, but no visible signal was found in late pachytene spermatocytes. Nuclei of the elongating spermatids was also positive for p57 kip2 immunoreactivity. Taken together, this suggests that p57 kip2 may play a role in the regulation of meiotic progression of early spermatocytes and cell cycle arrest and differentiation of spermatids. p57 kip2 immunoreactivity was found in the perinuclear region of the peritubular cells, but not in the Sertoli cells. In Leydig cells, moderate immunoreactivity of p57 kip2 was largely found in the cytoplasm, suggesting the noble function of p57 kip2 in the differentiation of adult Leydig cells.
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