Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP), a serine protease, is highly expressed by vascular endothelial cells and kidney, the two tissues responsible for regulating blood pressure and cardiovascular functioning. In addition to its effect on angiotensin and kinin molecules, as well as alpha Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH), PRCP has been found to regulate various fundamental cell functions such as proliferation, autophagy and host defense, and appears to be influenced by several critical cellular processes. Abnormal activation or upregulation of PRCP has been observed in major cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and tumorigensis. We discuss major challenges on which the physiological importance of PRCP depends, serving as an argument to divulge the importance of PRCP for living beings under many pathological conditions.
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