In the last few years, conditions have been created in the world economy that contribute to the active crowdfunding market development, through which the so-called «alternative financing» is implemented. The paper describes the transformation of crowdfunding model types, emphasizes the importance of regulatory impact on the specified market. The general procedure for regulatory impact assessments (RIA), developed and recommended by the OECD based on scientific approaches, is considered. The specificity of the approach to RIA in Russia was studied and the conclusion was made about the need to apply RIA to the crowdfunding market, taking into account the improvement of approaches to assessing the costs and benefits of regulation.
The conditions, promoting active development of crowdfunding market through which the so-called “alternative financing” is implemented, have been created in the global economy in the last few years. The article discusses the transformation experience of crowdfunding model types during the period from 2014, describes the existing regimes of legal regulation of crowdfunding in worldwide practice. Special attention is given to the description of Russian legal initiative aimed at the implementation of crowd-technologies in the investment activities. The authors identified three approaches to the crowdfunding regulation: prohibited, self-regulated and regulated. The Russian approach was changed from self-regulated to regulated with the entry into force of new laws from January 1, 2020. In Republic of Belarus crowdfunding is still self-regulated. Crowdfunding is considered by the authors as a promising financial technology that contributes to sustainable development and economic growth.
Digital labour platforms are having an increasing impact on the labour market to the economy's current transformation. The question arises as to what extent the digital labour platforms activities will contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals. The article presents the results of the financial indicators analysis of the largest digital labour platforms in Russia, the specifics of taxation, compliance with labour law and social protection. The main threats to sustainable development include overexploitation of workers, the absence or low level of social guarantees, insufficient financial stability, the risk of bankruptcy, insufficient transparency, and a tendency to monopolize the market. The main way to solve the identified problems can be to combine the efforts of the State and digital labour platforms to ensure the conditions for meeting the sustainable development goals.
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