-The chromosomal control of pig populations has been widely developed in France over the last ten years. By December 31st, 2006, 13 765 individuals had been karyotyped in our laboratory, 62% of these since 2002. Ninety percent were young purebred boars controlled before service in artificial insemination centres, and 3% were hypoprolific boars. So far, 102 constitutional structural chromosomal rearrangements (67 since 2002) have been described. Fiftysix were reciprocal translocations and 8 peri-or paracentric inversions. For the first time since the beginning of the programme and after more than 11 000 pigs had been karyotyped, one Robertsonian translocation was identified in 2005 and two others in 2006. The estimated prevalence of balanced structural chromosomal rearrangements in a sample of more than 7700 young boars controlled before service was 0.47%. Twenty-one of the 67 rearrangements described since 2002 were identified in hypoprolific boars. All were reciprocal translocations. Twelve mosaics (XX/XY in 11 individuals, XY/XXY in one individual) were also diagnosed. Two corresponded to hypoprolific boars, and three to intersexed animals. The results presented in this communication would justify an intensification of the chromosomal control of French and, on a broader scale, European and North-American pig populations.chromosome / translocation / inversion / pig / reproductive performance

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Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated disease resulting from interactions of a genetic background with environmental triggering factors such as stress and infection. So far, there is very limited information available about the impact of vaccine stimuli on psoriasis course. Objective: To collect cases of psoriasis flares occurring after vaccination through a national survey. Methods: We investigated cases of onset or flare of psoriasis occurring within 3 months following the 2009 monovalent H₁N₁/seasonal vaccination during the campaign of the 2009-2010 flu seasons in France. Results: Ten patients, 6 men and 4 women with a median age of 44 years (range 9-88), were reported with a psoriasis of new onset (n = 7) or with a worsening of previously diagnosed psoriasis (n = 3) within a median time period of 8 days following vaccination. Nine of them presented with a mixed guttate/plaque clinical phenotype, and 1 showed 2 successive generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) flares after 2 different vaccine injections. Conclusion: The short time interval between vaccination and onset of psoriasis flares, the lack of other triggers and the flaring sequence following 2 different vaccines in a GPP patient suggest a possible association between the 2009 monovalent H₁N₁/seasonal vaccination and psoriasis flaring in the collected cases. Nevertheless, the likely very low incidence of psoriasis following vaccination emphasizes the safe profile and the relevance of vaccination strategies in psoriasis patients, especially in candidates for immunosuppressive treatments.

For the first time in the domestic pig, meiotic recombination along the 18 porcine autosomes was directly studied by immunolocalization of MLH1 protein. In total, 7,848 synaptonemal complexes from 436 spermatocytes were analyzed, and 13,969 recombination sites were mapped. Individual chromosomes for 113 of the 436 cells (representing 2,034 synaptonemal complexes) were identified by immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The average total length of autosomal synaptonemal complexes per cell was 190.3 µm, with 32.0 recombination sites (crossovers), on average, per cell. The number of crossovers and the lengths of the autosomal synaptonemal complexes showed significant intra- (i.e. between cells) and inter-individual variations. The distributions of recombination sites within each chromosomal category were similar: crossovers in metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes were concentrated in the telomeric regions of the p- and q-arms, whereas two hotspots were located near the centromere and in the telomeric region of acrocentrics. Lack of MLH1 foci was mainly observed in the smaller chromosomes, particularly chromosome 18 (SSC18) and the sex chromosomes. All autosomes displayed positive interference, with a large variability between the chromosomes.