Alternaria blight of sunflower caused by Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki and Nishihara is the most important disease of monsoon-grown sunflower crops in India (Kolte & Mukhopadhyay, 1973; Narain & Saksena, 1973). It is also reported to occur in Rumania (Hulea, Iliescu & Bunescu, 1975), Tanzania (Allen, 1974) and Brazil (Ribeiro et al. 1975). The present studies were carried out to assess the effect of different disease intensities on yield and oil content of the sunflower crop.

Abstract-Moisture sorption studies have been carried out on 16 low moisture foodstuffs at 27°C and based on the major type of constituent, viz starch. fat, protein and high hygroscopicity. the isotherms have been divided into four groups. The moisture sorption behaviour over 0. 060.92 water activity of the foods has indicated that the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equation is applicable generally up to 0.6 water activity. The storage stability aspects of foodstuffs with respect to water activity have been summarised.

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Day by day number of users and services are increasing rapidly. To accommodate all, very high speed communication systems are required. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an suitable technique for achieving high data rate transmission but the main drawback of OFDM is increase in peak power termed as high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This high PAPR leads to an in-band distortion due to clipping and out of band radiation due to spectral broadening in power limited devices especially in wireless applications. There are number of techniques have been proposed to attack this problem. In this paper, Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) technique is considered as it is a distortionless one and reduces peak power significantly. The improvement of PAPR with order of digital modulation schemes is investigated and minimum PAPR phase factors are identified. These phase factors information is transmitted as side information along with desired data. Data is encoded using Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code as the performance of this code is nearest to the shannon's channel capacity and the results are simulated using MATLAB.

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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is an attractive transmission technique for high data rate and reliable communications over multipath fading channels. One of the main drawbacks in OFDM is increase in peakto-average power ratio (PAPR) of the signal, which causes degradation of bit error rate (BER) performance, nonlinear distortion effects, and need of high-power amplifiers. To reduce PAPR, there are several distortion-and distortionless-based schemes. In this paper, distortionless-based scheme, selective level mapping (SLM), is considered for the reduction of PAPR as it gives significant improvement in PAPR. For encoding, turbo codes are used as they are a class of high-performance forward error correction (FEC) codes. This paper consists of comparison of PAPR improvement for various digital modulation techniques.