Introduction: Congenital or acquired childhood communication disorders can negatively impact the emotional, social and academic skills in children. Research studies have reported that school going children are at higher risk of having communication disorders which will affect their academic and other skills. However, there is a dearth of studies on epidemiological data on communication disorders in school going children hence the present study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of communication disorders among school going children of Ballari district. Method: In a Cross-sectional study carried out on 2304 school going children (6-16years) of primary and secondary government schools in rural areas of Ballari district, Karnataka were screened using subjective & objective measures for communication disorders. Results: The results revealed a total of 99 out of 2304 children were identified with communication disorders indicating a prevalence rate of 4.29%. Among them, a total of 75 children were having hearing and otological disorders (3.25%) and 24 children were having speech and language disorders (1.04%). Further, the prevalence of communication disorders was found to be higher among males (2.38%) compared to females (1.91%). Conclusion:The present study found a lesser prevalence rate of communication disorder in school aged children of Ballari district, than the previous studies. Hearing loss and otological problems such as impacted cerumen, ear pain, ear discharge, etc., were found to be more than speech-language disorders such as stuttering, speech sound disorders and child language disorders.
Background: ADRs are one of the foremost reasons of illness and death, adding to overall preventive medicine cost. Reporting of such adverse drug reactions are critical parameter of medical treatment. The present study assess the clinical pharmacist role in drug monitoring to detect and intercept adverse drug reaction in a health care setting, Method: A prospective observational was conducted at tertiary care hospital in Vijaypur city. A total of 50 suspected adverse effects were recognized and documented during the study period of six months. The suspected adverse effects were assessed for its causality and severity by using Naranjo's and Hartwig's scale. Results: Overall 50 ADRs were identified and documented during the study period. Most of the reported ADRs in this study were Type A 34(68%). Drug dose and frequency 18(33.96%), Age 15(28.3%) and polypharmacy 10 (18.86%) were the furthermost protruding predisposing factors of ADRs were observed. Antibiotics were the common class of drugs involved in producing ADRs 14(28%).Causality assessment by Naranjo's scale presented that majority of the reported ADRs were found to be probable 26(52%), possible 19(38%) and definite 3 (6%). Severity assessment by Hartwig's scale showed that 26(52%) ADRs were moderate, 17 (34%) ADRs were mild and 7(14%) ADRs were of severe. Withdrawal of the drug 27(54%) as a management intervention was the core line of the adverse drug effect management. Conclusion: Clinical Pharmacist preparedness towards pharmacovigilance approach and proximity for drug monitoring resulted in greater interception and reporting of adverse effect ensuring patient drug related safety.
Background Road traffic injuries RTIs are increasingly being recognized as a global public health problem. Creating an awareness regarding the road safety and prevention of accidents will reduce the morbidity and mortality related to Road traffic accidents. Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of two-wheeler riders regarding wearing helmets.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted on students of Technical Institute Belagavi. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Study was conducted on 323 participants and data was analysed using SPSS software.Results Study was conducted on 323 participants among them there were 49 male and 51 female. Maximum number of participants i.e. 22068.11 were in the age group of 20-22 years. Average of overall knowledge score was 6.5572.7 of wearing helmets among the two-wheeler riders.Conclusion There were equal number of male and female participants. The maximum number of participants were between the age group of 20-22 yrs. It was found that students had average knowledge regarding the use of helmet among the two-wheeler riders in technical institute of Belagavi.nbsp
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