Our aim was to isolate and investigate the resistance ratings of enterococci poultry and pig isolates to various antimicrobial agents as well as to determine their plasmid profiles. Antimicrobial resistance ratings and the plasmid profiles of Enterococci isolated from poultry birds and pigs were analyzed. Three hundred and thirty enterococci isolates from poultry birds and pigs were obtained from the three zones in Abia State. Antimicrobial resistance ratings, transformation, curing and plasmid extraction for enterococci were done. The result showed that in both animal species multi-resistance to antimicrobials occurred in more than 40% of enterococci isolates. The enterococci isolates were resistant to floxapen (90%), ceprofloxacin (70%) and norfloxacin (80%). It also showed that the organisms were sensitive to lincocin (100%), chloramphenicol (85%) and gentamicin (75%). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in some reactions of some Enterococcus isolates to certain antimicrobial agents especially to chloramphenicol, rifampicin and gentamicin. Some isolates that was sensitive to gentamicin, rifampicin and chloramphenicol during pre-curing were resistant after curing though not significant (P>0.05). There was significant difference (P<0.05) among the isolates during pre-transformation and post-transformation process. Plasmid profile analysis of Enterococcus spp. revealed plasmid DNA bands ranging in size from 800 to 2000bp which appeared as bright bands. Large plasmid were lost during cell storage, some were plasmid less. No correlation could be made between plasmid patterns and antimicrobial resistance. The studies show good prospects for further research in the same area to explore and assign definite cause for antimicrobial resistance and multi-drug resistance.Keywords: Enterococcus spp., plasmid, poultry birds, pigs, antimicrobial resistance. PROFIL PLASMIDIQUE ET LES EVALUATIONS DE LA RESISTANCE AUX ANTIMICROBIENS ISOLATS ENTEROCOCCI DES PORCS ET VOLAILLES
The aim of the paper is to examine the level of awareness and use of social media in knowledge management practices in university libraries. The study is guided by three (3) objectives: to identify social media tools used in knowledge management (KM) practices; ascertain areas of knowledge management practices where social media are applied and identify challenges associated with integrating social media into knowledge management practices in university libraries with reference to South East Nigeria. Data for the study was generated through questionnaires that were administered to practicing librarians in university libraries. Findings revealed that knowledge management (KM) are practiced in the surveyed libraries. The most predominant form of KM is knowledge organization (97.6%), followed by knowledge dissemination (92.6%). Most university libraries in the three states surveyed are yet to appreciate and integrate social media into knowledge management practices. Low bandwidth/slow internet connectivity, inadequate power supply and availability of too many social media tools to learn among others are the major factors affecting the use of Social Media in knowledge management in the surveyed university libraries. This paper concludes that knowledge management is an evolving phenomenon in the information and knowledge industry.
Gossypium hirsutum belongs to the family Malvaceae and genus Gossypium, the name of the genus is derived from the Arabic word goz, which refers to a soft substance. This plant occupies a very important position in traditional medicine because of its ethnomedicinal value. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antiviral effect of Gossypium hirsutum extract on Newcastle disease virus. The experimental design involved the use of 59 birds (broiler). The phase involved pre
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