The CYP2D6, GSTM1, and GSTT1 xenobiotic biotransformation genes are involved in processes of carcinogenesis in humans due to the presence of mutant variants that decrease or block the expression of genes. Since the middle of the 20th century, there has been an extensive increase in cancer morbidity in human populations, including indigenous ethnic groups of Siberia. The problem of ethnic differences in sus ceptibility to cancer is still pressing. The study of polymorphisms of the CYP2D6 (CYP2D6*3 and CYP2D6*4 alleles), GSTM1, and GSTT1 (GSTM1 0/0 and GSTT1 0/0 "null" genotypes) genes (which are considered as genetic markers of the risk of cancer) was conducted for the first time in practically healthy representatives of the Samoyedic ethnic groups (Selkups, Forest Nenets, and Nganasans) and Russians from Siberia. A signif icant variability in the CYP2D6*4 and GSTM1 0/0 frequency distribution in northern populations was detected. At the same time, there are no significant differences in frequencies of the CYP2D6*3 and GSTT1 0/0 variants among indigenous populations of the Selkups, Forest Nenets, and Nganasans. In the CYP2D6*4 allele frequencies, indigenous ethnic groups are intermediate between Russians of Siberia and Mongolians of China. However, frequencies of the null GSTM1 0/0 and GSTT1 0/0 genotypes in indigenous ethnic groups are significantly lower than in populations of Russians of Siberia and Mongoloids of China (p < 0.05). Gen erally, according to all four studied polymorphic variants, it is possible to predict a decreased risk of cancer in indigenous Samoyedic ethnic groups, as compared with Russians of Siberia. The Forest Nenets population, with an increased frequency of the GSTM1 0/0 genotypes, is an exception; this can be caused by the original ity of their marriage structure and increased inbreeding coefficient. The results we obtained can also be important in predicting the probability of complications and a positive response to drugs that are metabolized by the GSTM1, GSTT1, and CYP2D6 enzymes.

New Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of a Phosphinic Analogue of Glycine. -Compound (II) exhibits fungicidal activity towards Pyricularia oryzae, a pathogen of rice. -(ZHUKOV, Y. N.; VAVILOVA, N. A.; OSIPOVA, T. I.; KHURS, E. N.; DZHAVAKHIYA, V. G.; KHOMUTOV*, R. M.; Mendeleev Commun. 2004, 3, 93; Engelhardt Inst. Mol. Biol., Russ. Acad. Sci., Moscow 117984, Russia; Eng.) -M. Bohle 43-180

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