Annotation. Relevance. In modern dentistry, the long-term functioning of artificial crowns on implants under the influence of systematic functional loads is actual. Purpose: Biomechanical study in the mathematical experiment of the stress-strain state (SSS) of the implant, artificial crown and fixing cement with a functional load in the vertical and inclined direction. Material and methods. A mathematical analysis of the strength of the connection of the artificial crown to the dental implant under the influence of vertical and inclined functional loads (150N) was carried out using the finite element method (FEM). Results. The parameters of the stress-strain state (SSS) in the cermet, fixing cement, titanium dental implant are obtained. With a vertical load, a sufficient safety margin is shown in the materials of the structure; with an inclined load, the safety margin of the glass ionomer cement is exhausted and the marginal safety margin in the cervical area of the implant and the abutment screw is noted. The conclusion. The choice of cement fixation of the artificial crown to the implant is justified when the intraosseous implant is placed in a position closest to the vertical axis of the artificial crown. Otherwise, the use of screw fixation of the crown and the use of implants with a reinforced screw when connecting the abutment and implant are advisable.
An experimental study of biocompatibility of the basic prosthetic materials in the cell culture of human fibroblasts was performed. It revealed a negative effect on the morphology of the cells of chromium-cobalt alloy, the material for overdentures based on polymethyl methacrylate, the light-curing composite.
Superelastic alloys of titanium (titanium-niobium-zirconium and titanium-niobium-tantalum) are more favorable in comparison with titanium for dental implants due to their physico-mechanical properties closer to those of bone tissue. Animal morphological studies of the biocompatibility of these alloys in comparison with titanium have been carried out. The control of the titanium alloy samples’ interaction with bone tissue was performed at the time points of 30 and 90 days; scanning electron microscopy and microprobe element analysis of tissue along the boundary with titanium alloys were used as the methods of investigation. The proximity of the morphological pattern and elemental composition of bone tissue along the border with titanium and superelastic alloys of titanium is shown, both at the control period of 30 days (in contact with alloys, a poorly mineralized connective tissue is found) and at 90 days (the border with titanium alloys is covered with mineralized bone tissue, similar in its composition to the surrounding bone tissue).
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