The Lower Svir hydroelectric station was constructed 40 years ago in accordance with Lenin's plan for the electrification of Russia. The first generating unit was put into operation on December 13, 1933, and the last (fourth) on September 30, 1935. During the Second World War the station was damaged extensively and reconstructed in . The presence of Lake Ortega at the source of the Svir River, with a surface area of 9700 km 2 and useful storage of about 17 km 3, favorably affects the runoff regime. The total length of the Svir from the source to its discharge into Lake Ladoga is 225 kin; the drop of the river between the lakes is 27.5 In, including 26.5 m over rapids (to the site of the Lower Svir station).Two hydroelectric stations have been constructed on the Svir -Upper Svir and Lower Svir. A number of problems of shipping were solved by the construction of the sequence of hydroelectric stations on the Svir, which is a part of the most important transport lines of the Volga-Baltic and White Sea-Baltic waterways.The exceptionally complex and unfavorable geologic and hydrogeologic conditions were a special feature of the construction site of the Lower-Svir station.* The foundation bedrocks consisted of a variagated stratum of Devonian clays with thin (from 1.5 mm to 1.5-2 m) interlayers of sands and very soft clays overlain by saturated moraine deposits, enclosing quicksand here and there. Artesian waters entering from deep water-beating horizons are present ubiquitously in the Devonian deposits. The elevation of the free surface of these waters is 20-25 m higher than the elevation of the water level in the river. The Devonian clays and sand beds are extremely nonuniform in their density.
The results of studies of motion of the rail transport facilities on circular and transition curves are prersented. In particular the questions of vibrations, stationary modes, stability and safety of coach, locomotive and transporter motion not only on straight-line but on curvilinear sections of the railway track are considered.
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