The utilization of charcoal from bagasse as adsorbent is an alternative way to reduce heavy metal of Cd and Cr in Wastewater. Bagasse is one of the agricultural wastes that potentially obtained with an abundant amount. This research aims to identify the full time and the adsorption capacity of charcoal with a continuous column method and downflow. Activation of charcoal used is Chloride Acid 2N in 24 hours soaking. Metal solution concentration of Cd and Cr were 2 ppm and 5 ppm, respectively. The results of this study are that full time for charcoal for Cd occurred on minutes of 480 for 2 ppm and minutes of 300 for 5 ppm. Meanwhile, saturated time for Cr occurred on minutes of 360 for 2 ppm and minutes of 240 for 5 ppm. The significant efficiency of metal ion adsorption to Cd concentrations for 5 ppm and 2 ppm were 28,05% and 26,75%.
Municipal authorities in developing countries face a challenge in managing solid waste. The challenging is mainly due to the increasing generation of waste that is not followed by the improvement of infrastructure and operational systems. The city of Makassar has also experienced the problem. Solid waste, especially in the traditional market, has not adequately managed, resulting in a complex waste management issue. The study is purposely to calculate the volume of solid waste generation and to assess the infrastructure and management systems, including trash cans, collection, temporary solid waste disposal in the form of container and transportation. The results show as follows: The total volume of Niaga Daya’s market solid waste is 9000 l/day. The infrastructure required is 600 pieces of trash cans in which every stall needs 1, four carts, and two containers, transporting solid waste once a day to landfill. Optimization solid waste operational activities will be maximized by adding the number of service rations, additional work time, adding labor, and increasing the number of temporary solid waste disposal and transportation.
Domestic wastewater is the largest producer of wastewater in Indonesia which comes from the remnants of household activities. Hazardous substances such as Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Oil and Fat contained in wastewater can cause health problems for humans. In this study, domestic waste treatment was carried out using the Multi Soil Layering (MSL) method. The MSL system is a wastewater treatment method that utilizes the ability of soil as the main medium and several other media such as zeolite, gravel, charcoal, and sawdust which are formed in a multilevel brick pattern. The independent variables are the variation of soil mixture with sawdust (M1) and soil mixture with charcoal (M2) and also variations of Hydraulic Loading Rate namely HLR 500 L/m2.day (H1), 750 L/m2.day (H2), 1000 L/m2.day (H3). The characteristics of domestic wastewater include pH 6, BOD 236 mg/L, COD 514 mg/L, TSS 114 mg/L, Oil and Fat 8200 mg/L. The results showed that the best variation in the removal of pollutant levels was a mixture of soil with charcoal (M2) and HLR 500 L/m2.day (H1), with the average efficiency in reducing BOD, COD, TSS, Oil & Fat levels, respectively. 86.39%, 78.29%, 86.56% and 79.60%.
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