Introduction. Given the significant prevalence of lead in the environment, research in this area has significant social and economic importance. Lead compounds are characterized by high toxicity and increased ability to cumulate in ecosystems, humans, and animals. Lead enters the human body with food, drinking water, atmospheric air, and smoking. Lead causes pathological changes in the nervous system, blood-forming organs, kidneys, etc. Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on four groups of white female rats, each included seven animals, weighing 150-200 g. The first group of animals was a control. The second group consumed dechlorinated water from the city water supply, followed by lead acetate. The animals from the third and fourth groups drank the same water with sodium stearate and potassium stearate content in a dose of 1/250 LD50. After the 40th-day of the use of these waters, the animals were orally administered lead acetate at a dose of 7 mg/kg. The levels of lipid peroxidation biomarkers were studied by studying the content of diene conjugates (DC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum, liver, and kidney homogenates. Results. The administration of 1/2 acetate LD50 to lead in experimental rats drinking water with stearates was accompanied by a significant increase in the DCs concentration and (MDA) in animals. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals that consumed water from potassium stearate. Conclusions. 1. With the oral administration of lead acetate against the background of drinking water containing stearates at a dose of 1/250 LD50, an increase in lipid peroxidation indices was noted compared with the control group. 2. Higher concentrations of LPO products were observed in the group of animals consuming water from potassium stearate.
Introduction. Scientists from Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, and various countries, including state laboratories, have thoroughly studied the biological significance of copper and zinc ions in the body for many years. Nevertheless, the value of the shortage or excess of these metals and their compounds in the body remains mostly underestimated for health. Purpose of work: to study the pathogenesis of traumatic disease occurring due to an imbalance of copper and zinc in the body. Methods. Bibliosemantic and analytical methods were used. A literature search was conducted for the following queries as zinc, copper, heavy metals, negative impact. The investigation was performed with PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for various articles. All publications have been analyzed and included in this review. The importance of these metals’ lack or excess and their compounds in the body remains mostly underestimated. Features of the pathogenesis of many diseases occurring due to imbalance of copper and zinc in the body have also been unexplored. The traumatic disorder was no exception, as this was not considered in experimental and clinical medicine. Conclusion. From the analysis of the available scientific literature, no messages were found about the features of the course of traumatic disease in conditions of excessive intake of copper and zinc ions in the body. We can only assume that a violation of the functional ability of the liver, lungs, brain and other organs that occurs against the background of heavy metal ion damage creates an unfavorable background for the occurrence of a serious injury.
In acute peritonitis, any surgical intervention leads to impaired immune protection with the development of postoperative purulent-septic complications, which increases several times the likelihood of death, especially in people with secondary immunodeficiency as a consequence diabetes mellitus. We aimed to study the dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine content in rat serum under experimental acute generalized peritonitis on the background of diabetes mellitus. Fifty-six white rats were used for the study. The determination of the serum cytokine profile was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When comparing the levels of interleukins between the study groups, a statistically significant increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines was found in the group of diabetic animals during all experimental periods. In particular, the concentration of interleukin – 1β increased significantly by 94% on day 1 of observation, by 115% on day 3, and by 121% on day 7 compared to the control group. Similarly, a significant increase in TNF-α levels was observed in animals with diabetes. In this group, the most significant increase in the level of TNF-α was recorded on the seventh day of the experiment, and it increased by 3.4 times. Animals with acute peritonitis on the background of diabetes had a significantly increased concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of all study groups, which confirms their involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease under study.
Вступ. Гострий перитоніт усе частіше призводить до розвитку тяжких післяопераційних ускладнень, збільшується відсоток летальних випадків. Цукровий діабет продовжує залишатися однією з актуальних проблем медицини, оскільки він є одним із найпоширеніших ендокринних захворювань зі стійкою тенденцією до зростання. Мета дослідження – вивчити особливості прооксидантного статусу в організмі піддослідних тварин при змодельованому гострому поширеному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету порівняно тваринами з експериментальним гострим поширеним перитонітом. Методи дослідження. У роботі використовували 56 білих щурів. Цукровий діабет моделювали шляхом внутрішньочеревного введення стрептозотоцину фірми “Sigmal” з розрахунку 7 мг на 100 г маси тіла щура, гострий поширений перитоніт – введення 0,5 мл 10 % профільтрованої калової суспензії в черевну порожнину досліджуваних тварин. Визначали показники прооксидантного статусу в сироватці крові 1-шу, 3-тю, 7-му доби від початку моделювання перитоніту. Результати й обговорення. Було доведено, що при гострому перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету більшою мірою зростали маркери вільнорадикального окиснення порівняно з групою тварин зі змодельованим гострим перитонітом. Відмічали статистично значиме підвищення таких прооксидантних показників, як ТБК-активні продукти, гідропероксиди ліпідів, окисна модифікація білків (р<0,05). Висновки. У тварин з гострим поширеним перитонітом на тлі цукрового діабету суттєво активуються вільнорадикальні процеси окиснення, що підтверджено статистично значимо вищими рівнями ТБК-активних продуктів, гідро пероксидів ліпідів, окисної модифікації білків нейтрального та основного характеру порівняно з групою тварин із змодельованим гострим поширеним перитонітом. Виявлена інтенсифікація процесів окиснення вказує на значну активацію факторів агресії організму при гострому поширеному перитоніті на тлі цукрового діабету.
The main cause of mortality in acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) is the development of multiple organ insufficiency. The intestine is the organ where the first changes develop in this pathology. The aim of the study – to research and evaluate the morphological changes in the small intestine wall of animals with experimental AGP. Materials and Methods. 32 white rats were used in this study. Acute peritonitis was modeled by introduction of 10 % fecal suspension in the dosage of 0.5 ml per 100 g of the animal's weight into the abdominal cavity of rats by puncture. The terms of observation: the 1st, 3rd and the 7th days from the beginning of the peritonitis modeling. For histological study the intestinal tissue was taken. The resulting pieces of the organ were fixed in a 10 % neutral formalin solution, which were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results and Discussion. On the 3rd day of the experiment in animals with a modeled AGP, vascular changes were manifested first of all by the rounding (retraction) of endothelial cells or their desquamation and the appearance of defects, that allow plasma proteins and the formed elements of blood to leave circulation boundaries of the vascular bed. On the 7 th day in animals with a modeled AGP increased vascular permeability of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was accompanied by a significant edema of the stroma of the villi and by focal hemorrhages. Conclusion. Consequently, the distinct inflammatory changes in all terms of the injury were seen in the wall of the small intestine at the simulated AGP. The significant expansion of the capillaries and venules against the background of inflammatory infiltration in the stroma of the glandular component of the small intestine was noted on the 1st day from the beginning of the experiment. An increase in the height of intestinal villus and a crypt with retraction and desquamation of endothelial cells in the wall of vessels, which caused platelet adhesion in the areas of destruction was observed on the 3rd day. The areas of focal necrosis of the superficial epithelium, which were accompanied by multiple hemorrhages per diapedesis in the perivascular space of the mucous membrane, were seen in the wall of the small intestine of animals with a simulated AGP on the 7th day.
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