Glaze compositions are obtained based on slime from acid sewage regeneration at the Dyat'kovskii Crystal Works, and the technology of producing tinted glass ceramic coatings for facade brick is developed. The main physicotechnical and color characteristics of considered glazes are presented.Contemporary construction industry has a wide range of strong wear-resistant and durable facade ceramic products for public and residential buildings. However, in a market economy when supply exceeds demand a consumer gives preference to materials that combine diverse structural-texture specifics and coating colors. Such decorative properties can be achieved by varying the heat treatment procedure and the redox condition of synthesis and firing [1], as well as by using the controlled crystallization method involving titanium-bearing components [2]. At the same time, several other urgent problems can be solved: utilization of constantly accumulating industrial waste that is toxic for the ambient medium, expansion of the list of available materials for the glass industry, and assisting the commercial activity of companies.The purpose of the present study is to develop decorative glass coatings for facade ceramics based on a frit containing a resource-saving component, namely, slime of acid sewage regeneration from the Dyat'kovskii Crystal Works.For the synthesis of glass coatings we chose the system SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -Na 2 O, which is one of the main systems for producing white enamels and(or) glazes with different degrees of opacification and luster. Considering a substantial glass-formation area in the specified system [3], the weight contents of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , B 2 O 3 , and Na 2 O were constantly maintained at 50.0, 3.0, 9.5, and 15.5%, respectively, while varying the RO : TiO 2 ratio, which is the deciding factor in the formation of dull and(or) transparent coatings ( Table 1).The initial materials for melting glazes were quartz sand VS-030 (GOST 22551-77), alumina, boric acid, soda, titanium white, and acid sewage regeneration slime from the Dyat'kovskii Crystal Works. Slip was prepared using bentonite clay, technical borax, and color pigments 16/4744, 10/185, 12/350, 11/201, 18/995, and CuCl 2 produced by Intercolor (Italy).Glasses were melted in a laboratory electric furnace in alundum crucibles of capacity 100 cm 3 at a temperature of 1300°C exposing the melt for 30 min at the maximum temperature. Melted glass was granulated in water.Slip was prepared by moist grinding of components in a ball mill to a residue of 0.1% on a No. 0063 sieve. To produce glass coatings, a slip of moisture 53 -68%, density 1480 -1730 kg/m 3 , and flow rate of 14 -18 sec from a viscosimeter of diameter 4 mm was deposited on the facade surface of a ceramic substrate (red facade brick) by casting. Coatings were dried at 120 ± 5°C, firing was performed in a SNOL-1 electric laboratory furnace in a temperature interval of 900 -1150°C for 15 min.All coatings had good strength of adhesion to the substrate. At the same time the quality, colo...
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The effect of the method of concentrating quartz feedstock on the purity of colored glass was investigated. It was shown that concentration of Kozlovskoe quartz sand by flotation and chemical methods allowed reducing the total Fe x O y by 3 times and obtaining glass with spectral light transmission in the visible region of up to 84%. The color tone of the experimental glasses made from initial and concentrated sand was within the yellow region according to calculations of the chromaticity coordinates and corresponding structures in the color triangle.The wide use of colored glass in modern design is due to its elevated consumer characteristics: transparency, hardness, chemical stability, ability to assume different expressive shapes, and rare color combinations [1]. One of the main indexes characterizing the external commercial appearance is the color of the glass, whose quantitative evaluation is measured by light transmission and the dominant wavelength in the visible part of the spectrum. These indexes in turn are a function of the content of coloring impurities in the glass (iron, chromium, titanium oxides, etc.), special additives to the batch (carbon, nitrates, sulfates, arsenic, cerium, antimony oxides, etc.), organic inclusions, and products of corrosion of current-conducting metallic materials (molybdenum, steel, etc.) in electromelting. To take into account the effect of impurities and small amounts of additives, the compositions of the raw materials, the redox characteristics of the raw materials and batches, the melting modes and conditions, and the possible chemical changes and reactions in the glass melt as a function of the melting conditions must be systematically monitored for their content. The necessity of such monitoring was demonstrated in [1 -4].The quality of the raw materials used and primarily the quartz sand is important for production of high-quality optical glass, crystal, glass for laser technology, glaze pigments of elevated whiteness and clarity of color of the glass. The complexity of purifying quartz sands consists of the fact that sands from different deposits have different chemical compositions, and the iron oxides in them are concentrated in different impurity minerals, both free and united with the quartz grain, in mineral impurities inside the grains, in mineral iron-containing film formations on the surface of the grains, and in structural impurities. For this reason, there has not been any universal method of treating silicate materials to remove coloring impurities up to now.We investigated the effect of the method of concentration of quartz raw material on the purity of color of colored glass.Yellow coloring ranging from light yellow to orange hues can be obtained with a combination of cerium and titanium oxides in the ratio of CeO 2 : TiO 2 = (1 : 2) -(1 : 3). The glass compositions can be lime-silica or lead. The most intensive shades are obtained in potassium compositions. For this reason, an industrial composition for mechanized treatment of high-quality glass was se...
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