In addition to affecting the receptors of the inner ear, betahistine has an effect on the H3 receptors of the vestibular nuclei located in the medulla oblongata. Experimental work on animals has shown an increase in the level of serotonin in the medulla oblongata. This leads to a decrease in the activity of the vestibular nuclei, a decrease in their excitability and the cessation of dizziness. Thus, a vestibulodepressive effect is manifested.
Betahistine dihydrochloride is a synthetic drug that has the ability to bind to H1 histamine receptors, which are embedded in the neuroreceptor cells of the inner ear. It has a powerful stimulating effect by increasing the release of neurotransmitters (histamine) from the nerve endings of the inner ear receptor cells into the synapse. The neurotransmitter acts on the precapillary sphincters, causing vasodilation of the vessels of the inner ear, increasing their permeability and thereby normalizing intralabyrinthine pressure, i.e. eliminating hydrops.
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