= ABSTRACT =Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the levels of psychosocial stress and to identify its related factors in some rural residents. Methods:The study subjects were 1,806 adults aged 40-70 years living in Naju City, Jeollanamdo.Sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behavior, social support and personality were collected for statistical analysis. The measurement instrument of psychosocial stress was psychosocial well-being index. The differences on the stress levels between groups were assessed with t-test, ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results:The results showed that 16.6% of subjects were categorized as high stress, 63.4% as moderate, and 20.0% as normal. Overall, the mean value of PWI was 17.2±9.8 and significantly different by socioeconomic characteristics, health-related behavior, social support and personality. In the case of men, the PWI was significantly deteriorated in the cases of nondrinker or other subjects with no job, lower household income, decreased positive social support, increased negative social support, type A behavior pattern, decrease of internal locus of control or poorer self-esteem. In the case of women, the PWI was significantly deteriorated in the subjects with no job, no spouse, decreased positive social support, increased negative social support, type A behavior pattern, decrease of internal locus of control or poorer self-esteem. Conclusions:The psychosocial stress for rural residents was related with social support and personality.Thus, these results should be considered to reduce stress levels in rural adults.
= Abstract =Objectives: A study was conducted by analysing the contents and frequency of emergency treatment practiced by emergency medical technicians(EMTs) in emergency situations and contains related factors. Methods:The study subjects included 80 EMTs who participated in ongoing education classes during the period from June 25th to June 26th, 2008. the survey included 53 EMTs employed within 119 first aid teams in fire stations in both a metropolitan city and a medium-sized city. From the survey results relation between frequency of emergency treatment and subjects characteristics explored statistically including t-test, X2 test, Pearson correlation and finally stepwise multiple regression. Results:The most frequent procedure by EMTs checking vital signs. The statistically significant related factors overall of the 23 items of emergency treatment frequency was the working area and the grading of EMT certification. In contrast, significant related factors with frequency of IV linkage were found to be the subjects gender, institution employed and the importance of recognizing the item. The statistically significant related factors of that of ECG monitoring was the gender of respondents. Conclusions:To keep the appropriate frequency of emergency treatment by EMT, active efforts to promote their individual importance and confidence cognition are necessary, especially towards males and persons who have 2 nd class certification. Moreover, EMTs who work in small cities must be supported.
= ABSTRACT =Objectives: This study was performed to assess the effects of nutrition support for the elderly in rural communities. Methods:The data for this study were obtained from 148 aged over 65 years in G district(70 intervention group and 78 control group). General characteristics, physical health status, food intake, dietary habits, knowledge of nutrition and nutrition risk factors of the subjects were examined by individual interview. The participants were divided into two groups through the first questionnaire of nutrition: nutritional intervention group(nutritional intervention and education of nutrition) and control group(education of nutrition alone).Results: Nutritional intervention group showed significant increase of energy intake to 87.4% from 71.0% and of most nutrients except vitamin A and niacin after intervention.After nutritional intervention program, depression index was significantly decreased and changes of food habits, self-efficacy and conviction indices were significantly increased. Conclusions:This study showed that the nutritional intervention serving foods for short-term intervention period was very effective in improving the nutritional status. In addition, it suggested that it was not enough for nutritional improvement of the elderly to provide public health education or counseling alone, therefore, for achieving its goals, it should be needed proper nutritional supply to them.
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