BackgroundHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare multisystem disorder that frequently involves the central nervous system (CNS). We compared the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of patients with HLH according to the degree of CNS involvement.MethodsThe clinical manifestations, initial laboratory data, treatment, and outcomes for 50 patients diagnosed with HLH and treated at Asan Medical Center between January 1995 and August 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. CNS involvement was defined as the presence of neurological symptoms or an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).ResultsAmong these 50 patients, 23 (46%) developed CNS disease. Among patients with CNS disease, 19 had neurological symptoms, including seizures, altered consciousness, facial palsy, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Four patients had elevated CSF WBC counts without neurological symptoms. Twelve patients had abnormal brain imaging results, including high signal intensity lesions on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, ventriculomegaly, hemorrhage, atrophy, and leptomeningeal enhancement. Patients with CNS disease had lower ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as well as reduced 5-year survival as compared to those without CNS disease.ConclusionCNS involvement is common among patients with HLH. Overall, patients with CNS disease achieve poorer outcomes than patients without CNS involvement. To improve outcomes, physicians must carefully monitor the neurological manifestations in patients with HLH and administer the appropriate course of intensified chemotherapy to patients with CNS disease.

Addiction can be largely divided into two categories. One is called medium addiction in which medium itself causes an addiction. Another is called cause addiction that brings addiction through combination of sensitive self and latent personal action. The medium addiction involves addiction phenomena directly caused by illegal drugs, alcohol and various other chemicals. The cause addiction is dependent on personal sensitivities as a sensitive problem of personal and includes cyber addictions such as shopping, work, game, internet, TV, and gambling. In this paper we propose two-dimensional addiction model that are equivalent to using an R-L-C series circuit of Electrical circuit and a Spring-Damper-mass of mechanical system. We also organize a Duffing equation that is added a nonlinear term in the proposed two-dimensional addiction model. We represent periodic motion and chaotic motion as time series and phase portrait according to parameter's variation. We confirm that among parameters chaotic motion had addicted state and periodic motion caused by change in control coefficient had pre-addiction state.

Bitemporal hemianopia is a significant pathological hallmark of a pituitary lesion; however, binasal hemianopia is rarely reported, except for its known association with other ocular diseases rather than with brain lesions. We report a 24-year-old male with binasal hemianopia caused by pneumosinus dilatans of the sphenoid sinuses.

PurposeTo analyze postoperative results of intermittent exotropia as a function of the difference in strabismic angles measured immediately and another time prior to the surgery.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical records of intermittent exotropia patients who received surgery and had differences greater than or equal to 10 prism diopters (PD) between the last preoperative measurement of strabismic angle and another previous measurement. After applying various exclusion criteria, 66 patients were entered into our study. At the last follow-up visit after surgery, we divided postoperative results into 3 categories: (1) poor; with greater than 10 PD of esotropia or angle of exodeviation of 20 PD or more (2) moderate; with 6-10 PD of esophoria/tropia or 10-19 PD exodeviation, or (3) good; with 1-5 PD of esophoria / tropia or an angle of exodeviation less than 10 PD, or orthophoria.ResultsGood results were higher in patients where the difference in strabismic angle was 10 PD or greater between the last measurement and any other earlier measurement.ConclusionsIn cases of Intermittent exotropia where the last preoperative value of strabismic angle was greater than any previous preoperative measurement, surgical dosage based on the last preoperative measurement yielded better results.

The basic equation of body and mind that can be represented as body and mind based on love model of Romeo and Juliet is presented in this paper. In order verify validity for physical idea of unification for body and mind when the external force is applied in the basic equation. We display the time series and phase portrait for nonlinear behavior, and this paper confirms the point of difference between body-mind neutral monism and body-mind dualism. 키워드Body-Mind Model, Mathematical

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