This study was conducted to investigate the pesticide residue concentrations and assess potential human health risks from fruit and vegetable consumption in Incheon. A total of 1,146 samples of 20 different types of fruits and vegetables were collected from the Incheon area in 2020. The pesticide residues were analyzed by the multi-residue method of the Korean Food Code for 400 different pesticides. Among the fruit and vegetable samples, 1,055 samples (92.1%) were free from detectable residues, while 91 samples (7.9%) contained residues and 11 samples (1.0%) had residues exceeding the Korean maximum residue limit. A total of 32 different pesticide residues were found and 8 residues exceeded MRLs. The most frequently detected pesticide residues were chlorfenapyr, procymidone, etofenprox, pendimethalin, fluopyram and azoxystrobin. The highest values of short term and long term exposure were obtained in the case of consumption of lettuce(leaves) with chlorfenpyr. For chronic dietary exposure, the cumulative hazard index (cHI) were below 100%. The results of this study showed that the detected pesticides were not exposed to potential health risks through the consumption of fruits and vegetables.
This study was intended to obtain the basic data for a wide range of microplastics (MPs) contamination studies. The contamination of MPs in seafood and processed seafood products distributed in Incheon area was quantified. For this, 51 seafoods and 50 processed seafood products in Incheon were collected randomly from January 2019 to October 2019, and the abundance, size, and type of MPs in the samples were identified by FT-IR spectroscopy. The average MPs content was 1.06±3.38 MPs/g and 0.89±1.29 MPs/g in seafoods and processed seafood products, respectively. In both samples, MPs of 100-500 μm accounted for the majority of the particles, with the most common MPs as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). However, the level of contamination of MPs in each of the samples was significantly different, even for the same species. For more accurate analysis of MPs contamination in seafoods and processed seafood products, specific information such as habitat, environment, market supply, regional source, and production process might be required. In addition, extensive and continuous accumulation of data is necessary for them to be used as the basic data with a standardized method for analyzing MPs.
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