High-quality cutting of root crop tops at the root ensures both a high yield and determines the condition of the root crops before they are extracted from the soil. Therefore, the search for conditions that will ensure this is an important and urgent problem for the production of these crops. The purpose of this research was to determine, through an analytical study, the optimal parameters of a new design of a machine for harvesting root crop tops, which is mounted in front of an aggregating tractor and performs oscillatory movements in the longitudinal-vertical plane. Methods related to the modelling of complex dynamic systems consisting of an aggregating tractor and a front-mounted machine, the development and solution of the final form of differential equations of oscillatory motion and computer modelling of the oscillatory process were used. According to the developed equivalent scheme, a new differential equation of angular vibrations of the machine was solved in the final form. In addition, numerical modelling was performed on a PC, which allowed constructing graphical dependencies of the machine’s turning angle φ at different speeds V of its forward movement and values of the c stiffness coefficient and μ damping coefficient of the pneumatic tyres of the copying wheels, and at different values of the unevenness of the soil surface and the main design parameters of the machine. It was established that with an increase V from 1.5 m·s-1 to 2.5 m·s-1, the amplitude of oscillations of the machine’s turning angle φ increased from 0.88° to 1.18°. However, at V 1.5 m·s-1, the duration of the transient process is 0.22 s, and at a speed of 2.5 m·s-1, this figure is already 0.14 s, i.e., a decrease of 36%. The positive amplitude of oscillations φ of the machine’s steering angle reaches 1.2°, and the negative amplitude does not exceed 0.3°, i.e., the oscillation range is insignificant. In the range of values considered V, preference should be assigned to its higher value. The structural and kinematic parameters of the system examined were determined using computer simulation. The presented method of mathematical modelling of the oscillatory process can be used in the research of any machines that are hitched in front of the aggregating tractors
The modern technology of sugar beet haulm harvesting assumes the so-called double-stage cutting. First, the basic continuous cutting of the haulm residues from the epicotyl is carried out by using rotor haulm-cutting mechanisms. Then there follows clearance or cutting the residues from the epicotyl. This technology allows continuous, superior quality cutting and green matter harvesting. The green matter can be used as cattle fodder or a raw material for the production of biogas and clearance of haulm from root crops, eliminating the loss of sugary mass. We have developed a new structure of the epicotyl remover of haulm residues; the production tests have yielded positive results. The remover comprises two driving horizontal cylinders, on which cleaning elastic blades are fixed with a toggle in the radial direction. The machine’s shafts clasp each row of root crops, and the blades produce elastic bumps to the epicotyl from two opposite sides, thus cleaning effectively the spherical surfaces of the sugar beet epicotyls from the haulm residues. We have also developed new experimental equipment that allows modeling the work of the remover in field conditions, and we further pursue the experimental research of the machinery and tools. We have designed a program and methods to facilitate a field multifactorial experiment with a remover of haulm residues from the epicotyl of sugar beet roots and to determine the relevant quality indicators. The acquired results, processed by a PC, showed that the quality of the technological process that employs a remover with two driving horizontal cylinders to extract the haulm residues from the epicotyl of sugar beet can be improved via an elevated circumferential speed of the remover’s driving cylinders and a reduced height of the fixed blades above the level of the soil surface at a low gradual speed of the machine motion. Based on an analysis of the acquired functional and graphic dependences, we claim that the rational significance of the functioning modes of the studied remover of haulm residues from sugar beet epicotyl, which delivers the highest quality operation in order to remove the haulm residues from the spherical surfaces of the epicotyls of root crops, involves: 1) the speed of the gradual motion of the remover – 1.5...2.5 m·s-1; 2) the circumferential speed of the rotation of the driving cylinders – 55...80 rad·s-1; 3) the height of fixing the blades of the remover over the soil surface level – 0...2.5 cm.
High-quality cutting of beet heads during harvesting reduces the loss of sugar-bearing upper parts of root crops. One of the ways to ensure high quality cutting is to scientifically substantiate the parameters of the machine that harvests the sugar beet leaves; this machine is front-mounted on the tractor’s attachment mechanism. Theoretical calculations established the following. A front-mounted beet topper machine with damping coefficient and the moment of inertia parameters that vary from 0.35 to 1.35 kN s m−1 and from 3000 to 3500 kg m2, respectively, is invariant to the influence of external disturbances in the form of vertical vibrations of the field’s longitudinal profile. These vibrations vary in frequency from 0 to 40 s−1 according to the harmonic function. Setting the tyres stiffness coefficient value of the leaves harvester support-feeler wheels at 315 kN m−1 is characterized by a desirable decrease (up to 41.2%) of the dynamic system’s amplitude–frequency values characteristics when the system is subjected to an external disturbance. With this value of tyre stiffness coefficient, the tyre inflation pressure should not exceed 0.125 MPa.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.