Neosugar is the trade name of a fructooligosaccharide (FOS) whose utilization by oral bacteria is not well known yet. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of this product on the growth, fermentation and production of plaque by mutans streptococci: S. mutans, serotypes c, e and f, S. sobrinus, serotype d, S. downei, serotype h, S. cricetus, serotype a and S. rattus, serotype b. The evaluation of growth was carried out in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broths containing or not sucrose and FOS and in buffered broths having glucose or FOS as carbon sources, through optical density reading in spectrophotometer after 24 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C. Thereafter the reading of pH was made in the same media. The plaque produced on glass sticks in BHI broths containing 5% sucrose or FOS was weighed and carbohydrates and proteins were assayed. The possible cariogenicity of Neosugar was confirmed, since it sustained the same growth and intensity of fermentation of sucrose in BHI broth for all streptococci and permitted in vitro production of plaque by some of them. The amount of plaque as well as its content of proteins and carbohydrates were smaller than those produced with sucrose, although the difference was statistically significant only for carbohydrates.
This study evaluated the use of nails and bone surfaces as indicators of acute exposure to fluoride in rats. Six groups (n=10/grp), aged 70 days, received, by gastrogavage, single doses of sodium fluoride containing 10, 35, 45, 60, 75 and 90 mg fluoride/kg body weight. The control group received deionized water. Two hours after fluoride administration, the rats were killed and their plasma, nails (halves near to the growth end) and femur were collected. Nail and plasma fluoride concentrations were analyzed with the electrode following HMDS-facilitated diffusion. Femur surface fluoride was removed from a circular area (4.52 mm²) by immersion in 0.5M HCl for 15 seconds, buffered with TISAB and analyzed with the electrode. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05) and by linear regression (p<0.001). Average fluoride concentrations ranged from 55.4 to 91.5 mg/g for nails; from 0.019 to 6.937 mg/mL for plasma and from 617 to 2,394 mg/g for femur surface. Fluoride concentrations in nails from experimental groups were not different from control. Regarding plasma fluoride, all experimental groups differed from control, except the group that received the lowest dose. In respect to femur surface fluoride, only the group that received the highest dose differed from control. A strong correlation was found between plasma fluoride and the dose administered (r=0.736) and a medium correlation was found between femur surface and the dose administered (r=0.510). Data suggest that two hours after an acute fluoride administration, nails and femur surface are not good indicators of fluoride exposure.
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