Objective. To determine the prevalence of metallo beta-lactamases (MBL) among carbapenem resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii in our hospital. Methodology. During a period of 12 months (January-December 2010), 47 isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from different clinical specimens of in-patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined and interpreted using the disk diffusion method according to the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology guidelines. Imipenem nonsusceptible isolates were further screened for production of MBL. Results. All Acinetobacter baumannii' isolates were resistant to ticarcillin, ticarcilline/clavulanate, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, gentamicin, tobramycin, and cipro�oxacin, except an isolate that was sensitive to ceazidime and cefepime. In addition to that, amikacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were, respectively, sensitive by 59.5% and 53%. Among 57,4% (27/47) imipenem non-susceptible isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, 74% (20/27) were found to be MBL producers. Conclusion. Although the rate of imipenem nonsusceptible isolates of Acinetobacter baumanni seems to remain stable in 2005 (57%) and 2010 (57,5%), the prevalence of MBL producer strain is increasing (38% in 2005 versus 75% in 2010). e �ndings strongly suggest that there is a need to track the detection of MBL producers; moreover, a judicious use of carbapenems is necessary to prevent further spread of these organisms.
Purpose: Despite the use of antiviral prophylaxis with valacyclovir, cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) can still occur in seropositive kidney transplant recipients. In this study, we aimed to assess the incidence of CMV DNAemia and its risk factors in Moroccan transplant recipients. Patients and Methods: Sixty kidney recipients with positive cytomegalovirus serostatus, receiving post-transplant prophylaxis were enrolled between 2013 and 2017. In total, 455 plasma samples were collected and tested for CMV DNAemia using PCR-based Abbott RealTime assays. Results: The incidence of CMV infection in seropositive patients was 63%. In patients with quantifiable DNAemia, the duration of CMV infection was significantly shorter than in those with detectable DNAemia (141.5 ± 96.9 vs 294.1 ± 112.6 days, P < 0.001). During prophylactic treatment, 14 of 30 patients (47.0%) experienced active replication with quantifiable DNAemia, whereas none of eight patients with detectable DNAemia did (P = 0.017). Patients with symptomatic DNAemia were significantly younger than those without symptoms (28.8 ± 5.12 vs 38.1 ± 12.34 years, P = 0.007). The peak viral loads were significantly associated with viral disease (odds ratio: 3.39, 95% confidence interval: 1.21-9.53, P = 0.02). The duration of DNAemia (21.2 vs 13.4 days, P = 0.028) was significantly longer in symptomatic patients. Significantly higher rates of acute rejection were exclusively observed in recipients with disease (4/8, 50% vs 0/22, 0%, P = 0.003). Conclusion:Patients with high-level DNAemia were at an increased risk of progression to disease and acute rejection. Monitoring the viral load during the first year posttransplantation is essential, to support current preventive strategies.
Here, we report the near-complete genome sequence and the genetic variations of a clinical sample of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) harboring the N501Y mutation assigned to the B.1.1.7 lineage. The sample was collected from a nasopharyngeal swab of a female patient from Temara, Morocco, and the sequencing was done using Ion S5 technology.
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Viral hepatitis B is a global scourge affecting millions of people worldwide. In Morocco, hepatitis B is considered a public health problem, and available data converge to consider Morocco as a country with intermediate endemicity. In the present study, we have planned to evaluate the HBV prevalence in Morocco on a large scale and to assess the prevalence of different serological markers for better management of this infection in Morocco. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study was conducted on 18,877 patients referring to the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center of Rabat, Morocco. HBV serological markers including HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and total HBcAb were assessed by immune-enzymatic assays. The quantification of HBV DNA was performed by real-time PCR. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The overall prevalence of positive cases for HBsAg, HBsAb, and total HBcAb was 2.47%, 27.66%, and 21.2%, respectively. From 141 patients with an isolated HBcAb serological profile (HBcAb+/HBsAb−/HBsAg−), HBV DNA was detected in 10 patients, representing a rate of 7.09%. In the present study, up to 95.78% of HBV chronic carriers were negative for HBeAg. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study highlights a higher prevalence of HBsAg in the hospital-based population than the general population reported previously in Morocco and a very low HBV immunization coverage. Of particular interest, detectable HBV DNA levels in isolated HBcAb patients show that exclusive HBsAg screening cannot eliminate the risk of HBV transmission in certain cases. Many efforts are then mandatory to promote serological testing and increase the vaccination rate to limit viral dissemination for better management of this disease in Morocco.
The early detection and genotyping of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are important in the management of this infection. The genotype is the major factor influencing treatment decisions. That's why it is necessary to use fast and accurate methods in its determination. This study reports, over a period of 3 years (from May 2012 to July 2015), the percentage of indeterminate genotypes by the Abbott RealTime HCV Genotype II test and their results using a sequencing technique. Of 309 samples of 309 patients tested, 11 were indeterminate (4.4%). There were three cases of cross-reactivity (1b/4 in one case, 2/5 in two cases) and a possible co-infection 1 + 4. Among those indeterminate genotypes, cross-reactivities and co-infections, ten samples were tested by sequencing. The results were for four of them a 1d subtype, five were a 2i subtype and one was a 2l subtype. These results support the thesis of complementarity between the two methods: genotyping for the detection of mixed reactions and sequencing for resolving indeterminate cases by genotyping.
Here, we report the near-complete genome sequence and genetic variations of a clinical sample of SARS-CoV-2 for the newly emerged Omicron variant (BA.1). The sample was collected from a nasopharyngeal swab of a Moroccan patient, and the sequencing was done using Ion S5 technology.
Despite the use of antiviral prophylaxis, the active cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication is still occurred in the seropositive kidney recipients. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of CMV reactivation and potential risk factors associated with CMV disease. Data of sixty kidney transplant recipients who had received CMV prophylaxis were obtained between 2013 and 2017. Quantitative nucleic acid amplification testing for CMV viraemia was assessed using Abbott RealTime Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Among the seropositive recipients, cumulative incidence for reactivation was 63%. In patients with quantitative viraemia, the time of active replication was significantly lower compared to those with detectable viraemia (141.5, SD:96.9 vs 294.1, SD: 112.6 days, P inferior to 0.001). During prophylactic treatment, 46.7% of patients with quantifiable viraemia had experienced active replication and none among patients with detectable viraemia (P= 0.017). Importantly, symptomatic reactivation was significantly observed in the younger patients with higher peak viraemia compared to those with symptoms free (28.8, SD:5.12 vs. 38.1, SD: 12.34 years, P= 0.007) and 3.8, SD: 1.59 vs. 2.4, SD: 0. 79 log10IU/ml, P = 0.003, respectively). Furthermore, the median duration of viraemia (21.2, vs. 13.4 days, P= 0.028) and period of CMV therapy (24.3 vs 12.3 days, P inferior to 0.001) were significantly longer for this group. In addition, intercurrent infections (75% vs. 23%, P = 0.028 ) and acute rejection (50 % vs 0%, P = 0.003) were significantly more frequent in symptomatic reactivation group. In addition, peak viral load was a potential risk factor for development of symptomatic reactivation with odds ratio 3.39, 95%CI=1.21-9.53, P = 0.02). In conclusion, CMV reactivation remains serious problem for seropositive recipients who were expected to be on antiviral prophylaxis. Patients with high level of viraemia may be at an increased risk of progression to CMV disease and adverse outcomes.
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