The article examines the factors that ensure the constitutional provision of the rule of law in the system of public authorities. The aim of this study was to analyse the factors that ensure the constitutional provision of the rule of law in the system of public authorities. The constitutional design provides for the creation of rational structures for the functioning of public authorities, which should ensure democratic standards, economic development, anti-corruption policy by implementing the principles of the rule of law. The study used data on indicators that describe the state of the rule of law (Rule of Law Index), democracy (Democracy Index) and corruption (Corruption Perceptions Index). Methods of graphical comparison, scattering diagrams, classification of countries by categories were used. A graphical model of the dependence of the rule of law on the development of democracy and perceptions of corruption for 25 European countries is built on the basis of these factors. It is proved that the studied indicators are dependent: countries with a high Rule of Law Index (high level of restrictions on the powers of government institutions, protection of fundamental rights, law enforcement, security) have a high Corruption Perceptions Index (high level of anti-corruption) and Democracy Index. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop the constitutional provision of the rule of law by strengthening democratic values, improving economic growth and competitiveness, increasing control over corruption. Further research should analyse the impact of rule of law factors in low- and middle-income countries.
Статтю присвячено виокремленню управлінських пріоритетів щодо сталого розвитку су спільства. Економічні реформи як об'єктивна необхідність проводяться тоді, коли виявляється низька ефективність економічної системи, виникають економічні кризи, економіка недостат ньо задовольняє потреби людей, країна відстає в своєму розвитку від інших країн. На певному проміжку часу їх змушені проводити всі країни світу. Економічні реформи у другій половині XX століття відбувалися за двома управлінськими моделями. Перша-єдина модель Чиказь кої неоконсервативної школи на базі монетаристської теорії Фрідмана, яку впроваджували в життя МВФ і СБ у латиноамериканських і в постсоціалістичних країнах за єдиною програмою "шокової терапії", незважаючи на абсолютно різні стартові умови цих країн як за географічним положенням, природними ресурсами, менталітетом народів, так і за науково технічним і освітнім рівнем населення цих країн. Друга-це модель реформ Китайської Народної Респуб ліки, що базується на вченні відомого українського вченого економіста М. Туган Барановсько го. У його основі інновації та інвестиції в пріоритетні галузі. Китайські реформи проводили за градуалістською (від англ. gradual-поступовий) концепцією трансформації суспільства, в якій головна роль відводилась стабілізації та розвитку виробництва-у повній відповідності до на
Theoretical approaches to the co-adaptation of science and religion in Catholicism are revealed. The metaphysical substantiation of the existence of the supernatural is shown. The multifaceted arguments for the defense of the idea of creation are based on references to the limited and historical underdevelopment of human practice, evidence of the presence of uncontrolled, almost undeveloped, and therefore incomprehensible phenomena of nature, society and the human psyche. A characteristic feature of theological knowledge is not systematic, but spontaneity, at their basis is the rational substantiation of the irrational. The process of cognition for Catholic theologians presupposes the dominance of faith and the silence of reason. This understanding of the process of cognition and the role of science has changed over the course of historical time. Under the influence of the growing role of science, Catholic theologians began to highlight in certain issues not only the possible combination of religion with scientific knowledge, but also to prove the beneficial influence of religion on science. In the Catholic understanding, this points to the leading role of religion in the emergence of science. At the same time, scientific knowledge strives for objective significance and maximum accuracy. The Catholic doctrine of creation not only recognizes subjectivism, but also identifies theological faith and inner experience with the criterion of truth. A comparative analysis of scientific and theological knowledge shows that their purpose, methods and criteria of knowledge are essentially opposite.
The concept of "dogma" comes from the Greek word dogmatus, which means "thought", "doctrine". Traditionally, these concepts denote such basic provisions of the doctrine of a denomination, which are recognized as eternal and immutable truths, which are established by the supposedly God Himself and are obligatory for faith in them to all followers of a particular religious course.
In the article, the author reveals the metaphysical systems of the irrational justification for the existence of the supernatural. It is shown that diverse arguments in the protection of the supernatural are based on references to the limited and historical underdevelopment of human practice, the evidence of the presence of uncontrolled and therefore incomprehensible phenomena of nature, society and the human psyche. A characteristic feature of theological cognition is not systematic, but spontaneous, irrational at its basis. The process of cognition for Orthodox theologians involves the domination of faith and the silence of the mind. A similar understanding of the process of cognition and the role of science has changed over time. The logic of the structure of religious consciousness shows that the mind in this process plays only an auxiliary role along with the intuitively gained faith. With this understanding, the role of faith significantly increases and the role of knowledge diminishes and therefore thought of a person, his scientific search is completely ignored. At the same time, the idea that cognitive activity should be focused above all on the comprehension of God is embedded in the consciousness of a person. Under the influence of the growing role of science, theologians began to point out in some questions not only the possible combination of religion with scientific knowledge, but also to prove the beneficial influence of religion on science. In theological understanding, this indicates the leading role of religion in the emergence of science. The task of religion is the knowledge of the supernatural through the suggestion, conviction of people in its reality. Scientific knowledge strives for objective significance and maximum accuracy, excluding all personal and subjective. Religion not only recognizes subjectivism but also brings theological faith and inner experiences to the rank of criteria of truth. Science is characterized by dynamism and development. It relies on rational knowledge. Religion is conservative, static in nature. Its support is irrational consciousness. Science is based on experience. However, the basis of religion is a belief in supernatural, mystical experience. The comparative analysis of scientific and religious knowledge indicates that their purpose, methods and criteria of knowledge are essentially opposite.
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