The use of complex microfertilisers on a chelated basis in agricultural technologies of the main crops is limited due to the lack of clear recommendations on the norm, methods, and timing of their use in particular production conditions and the levels of expected yield increase. Based on the rather specific mechanism of action of drugs, these recommendations are adjusted by investigating the level of reaction of plants and crops in particular zonal and weather conditions. The purpose of this study was to establish the reaction of soybean varieties to foliar top-dressing with complex Vuksal Microplant microfertiliser. Scientific research was conducted according to the field method during 2019-2021. According to the scheme of the experiment, the following varieties were investigated: Krynytsia, ES Hladiator, Melodiia, Korona, Feieriia, Etiud, Sava, Orfei, Everest, which are classified as early-maturing. The crop was fertilised according to the following variants: N15P30K40; N15P30K40+1 Vuksal Microplant top-dressing and N15P30K40+2 Vuksal Microplant top-dressing. According to the tasks of experimental studies, the field germination rate of seeds was identified by calculating the density of plants in the phase of full germination for all repetitions of the experiment; phenological observations were made in variants of the experiment using the method of variety testing of agricultural crops; the leaf surface area was determined according to the clear-cutting method and the yield was established according to the weight method using direct combining of each site. Statistical processing of experimental data was performed using the Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 application software package. A variant of the fertiliser system was established, which provides a substantial impact on soybean yield and a variety that formed stable productivity over years with changing weather conditions. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended to grow the Etiud soybean variety in production crops with culture fertilisation according to the system of applying macroelements at the rate of N15P30K40 and performing two top-dressings with the Vuksal Microplant complex fertiliser on a chelate basis at the rate of 2 l/ha. The first spraying should be carried out in the phase of 2 ternate leaves (BBCH 13-14), and the second in the phase of bean formation (BBCH 70-71)
The study of the nitrogen-fixing activity of nodule bacteria of soybean plants and features of the formation of the number and mass of nodules depending on variety, sowing method and seeding rate influenced by water regime of the soil and different lighting intensity. Methods: Field and laboratory experiments, evaluation and comparison. A series of laboratory experiments in sand culture have explored the influence of water logging and dehydration of the root system and light intensity on soybean nitrogenase activity and the release of CO2 by nodules of plants. According to the results of field research it was found that the intensity of nodule formation was increased from the phase of the third trifoliate leaf prior to flowering. At a sowing rate of 500 seeds it made from 20,0 PCs. for the variety Ustya to 27,4 in the variety of Romance. The increase in seeding rate contributed to the increase in the number of nodules to 28,1 per piece (Romance), 27,5 pieces (Ustya) and 25,5 units (Vorskla). The mass of active nodules was within 75% of the total number. Seed rate more than method of sowing influenced the amount of soybean yield. Increase the seeding rate to 800 thousand/ha of viable seeds, especially of sowing on later dates, have not contributed to a significant increase in productivity. Therefore it is most expedient to sow soybean normal line (15 cm) or in wide (45 cm) methods with a seeding rate of 700 thousand/ha of viable seeds. In the line way of sowing increasing the seeding rate contributed to the increase in the number of nodules to 28,1 per piece (Romance), 27,5 pieces (Ustya) and 25,5 units (Vorskla). In wide way of sowing these figures were less than 4,5% to 10,6%. The mass of active nodules was within 75% of the total number. It is advisable to sow soybean normal line (15 cm) or in wide (45 cm) methods with a seeding rate of 700 thousand/ha of viable seeds.
The relevance of the study is conditioned by the solution of environmental issues to preserve the natural biological diversity of plant life forms in Central Asia and the Balkan Peninsula. The most important task of Uzbek botanists is to investigate all aspects of the structural and dynamic organisation of vegetation cover and changes in plant communities in areas affected by the intense impact of anthropogenic factors. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative characterisation of plant life forms of natural and anthropogenic landscapes of Central Asia and the Balkan Peninsula. The leading approach to the examination of this problem is spatial-comparative, which allows comprehensively investigating the elements of the system of plant life forms of natural and anthropogenic landscapes. In addition, during the empirical study, the collected field material was analysed by generally accepted geobotanical and forestry methods, which consist in describing the topographic position of woody, semi-woody, polycarpic, and monocarpic terrestrial grasses, aquatic plants. The authors used both herbarium and live material from expedition surveys on the Biosphere Reserve and the protected area of the Uvac river gorge by Kazakh, Uzbek, Greek, and Turkish researchers. As a result, a comparative characteristic of the state of modern plant communities of Central Asia and the Balkan Peninsula by the nature and degree of anthropogenic impact was presented. The main life forms of plants of the regions under study were covered; the interrelation of environmental conditions with the process of flora formation was identified and substantiated. The materials of the study are of practical value for ecologists, landscape researchers, geographers, and biologists to use the findings in creating long-term plans for the development of natural landscapes for nature reserves, ecological centres, and nature protection zones. The developed method of comparative characteristics can be used to investigate natural and anthropogenic landscapes of other territories
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