The modern state and trends in the development of technologies for mining the heavy oil and native bitumen deposits have been analyzed. It has been set that presently known technologies for heavy oil and natural bitumen extraction do not cover the entire depths range of their occurrence. The main possibility of the development of heavy oil and natural bitumen deposits on the basis of technology by hydraulic mining by boreholes has been substantiated. The peculiarities of this technology are analyzed. The ways of its main elements adaptation for mining the natural bitumen from bituminous sands deposits are offered. The principal scheme has been substantiated for a method of mining the natural bitumen on the basis of hydraulic mining by boreholes. The thermodynamic processes occurring in the productive formation during its drilling with the simultaneous circulation of the heat-transfer medium have been analyzed. A mathematical model has been developed of the thermal penetration process into the productive formation for the time interval from the beginning the borehole drilling to the beginning the rock disintegration. Also, it has been solved the task of stationary mode in the borehole at the stage of its drilling.
The reserves of oceanic hydrates of methane and natural bitumen in times exceed the stocks of traditional oil and gas. The purpose is the analysis of the adaptation possibility of borehole mining technology for the development of bituminous sands deposits and marine gas hydrates was the purpose of the study. The variants of the HBM technology adaptation for the development of bituminous sands and gas hydrates deposits are proposed. The method of extracting gas hydrates based on HBM technology involves them removal without the energy consumption for phase transition. The main advantages of the development of bituminous sands deposits on the basis of HBM technology are: the possibility them extraction in the range of depths 75 – 200 m, the potential high rate of bitumen extraction, the separation of bitumen from the rock in production, the minimum impact on the environment, the possibility of conducting extraction of natural bitumen in areas covered with water.
Purpose. To substantiate and develop the principal schematics suitable for the existing technological level and method of gas hydrates production from the offshore fields.Methods. Analysis of properties inherent to gas hydrates and gas hydrate deposits and research into peculiarities of the technological operations of the hydraulic borehole mining.Findings. Basic processes related to the method of gas hydrate extraction from the productive stratum without energy consumption for phase transition on the basis of the hydraulic borehole mining technology are substantiated.Originality. The research provided rationale for manifestation of the group of factors involved in the process of immersed jets action on the gas hydrate in conditions of its natural occurrence. It was confirmed that gas hydrates can be extracted from the productive stratum without energy consumption for dissociation, by creating conditions for their recrystallization as a result of joint impact produced by immersed jets of sea water and a complex of related processes. Theoretical justification is given to the physical fundamentals of the processes associated with gas hydrates enrichment and concentration in the mine working. Practical implications.Technology for the development of gas hydrate deposits on the basis of hydraulic borehole mining without energy consumption for the phase transition is proposed.
The technology of transportation and storage of gas in a gas-hydrated form under atmospheric pressure and slight cooling – the maximum cooled gas-hydrated blocks of a large size covered with a layer of ice are offered. Large blocks form from pre-cooled mixture of crushed and the granulated mass of gas hydrate. The technology of forced preservation gas hydrates with ice layer under atmospheric pressure has developed to increase it stability. The dependence in dimensionless magnitudes, which describes the correlation-regressive relationship between the temperature of the surface and the center gas hydrate block under its forced preservation, had proposed to facilitate the use of research results. Technology preservation of gas hydrate blocks with the ice layer under atmospheric pressure (at the expense of the gas hydrates energy) has designed to improve their stability. Gas hydrated blocks, thus formed, can are stored and transported during a long time in converted vehicles without further cooling. The high stability of gas hydrate blocks allows to distributed in time (and geographically) the most energy expenditure operations – production and dissociation of gas hydrate. The proposed technical and technological solutions significantly reduce the level of energy and capital costs and, as a result, increase the competitiveness of the stages NGH technology (production, transportation, storage, regasification).
Purpose. Substantiation and development of schematics acceptable for the existing technological methods of natural gas production and transportation from the offshore fields of gas or gas hydrates. Improvement of their efficiency by way of maximum reduction of energy consumption as the result of complex consideration of thermal and physical properties and parameters of the system components interaction in the deposit under development.Methods. Analysis and generalization of the results of complex experimental research performed on the multifunctional laboratory gas hydrate installation.Findings. The technology of gas hydrates extraction from the productive reservoir without energy consumption for the phase transition is proposed. It is proved that simultaneous development of gas hydrate fields and gas fields via binding free gas into gas hydrate by ensuring necessary temperature and pressure conditions during gas passing through the sea waterbody is expedient. The feasibility of combining in one chain the proposed technology of the developing the offshore gas and gas hydrate fields with technology of gas transportation in hydrate form and its preservation in ground storages is proved.Originality. It was substantiated that gas hydrates can be extracted from the productive reservoir without energy consumption for dissociation, by creating conditions of its recrystallization as a result of joint actions of submerged jets of sea water in the mixture with abrasive material and pressure fluctuations.Practical implications. The proposed gas hydrate technology creates important prerequisites for the development of small and medium remote gas deposits (including gas hydrate ones), the network of ground hydrates storages, improves the efficiency and competitiveness of technology for marine transportation of natural gas in hydrate form
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