The paper analyzes the impact of personal protective equipment used by the population as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment. The scale of the additional amount of waste generated as a result of the use of protective face masks, etc. is noted. The globality of the existing problem and its multiparametric impact on the components of the environment are indicated. The short-term effect of a number of disposable protective face masks on the condition of soil by chemical component has been studied. The dependence of leaching of heavy metals from masks on soil acidity was experimentally analyzed, the dynamics of mobile phosphorus and potassium in soil samples was studied. It is shown that the presence of masks in the soil leads to exceeding the standard for zinc content, while for copper content and manganese content exceeding the standard is not observed in the study period, for lead there are fluctuations in content beyond standard value. The need for long-term research on the impact of face masks on the environment, and in particular soils, was noted.
Надається опис потоків автомобільних транспортних засобів у контрольованих зонах біля об’єктів критичної інфраструктури з використанням математичного апарату Марківських процесів. Показано, що для будь-якого фрагменту ситуаційного фону автомобільних засобів, що функціонують у зонах, що контролюються біля об’єктів критичної інфраструктури існує функціональна залежність, що пов’язує середньостатистичну інтенсивність руху автомобільних транспортних засобів, яка визначається діючим фрагментом транспортного фону, інтенсивністю руху транспортних засобів, що реєструються за проміжок часу оператором системи та кількістю порушників, зафіксованих за цей же час.
The work systematizes numerous interpretations of the concepts of threats and risks. It is shown that in relation to a strategic nuclear facility, existing threats and risks to it are strictly connected by a triangular functional scheme. Threats that may appear in the form of certain catastrophic events at a specific nuclear facility are assessed by the risk (probability) of the occurrence of a certain catastrophic event under selected conditions at this facility using specially developed methods.
The independence of the state is determined by its ability to preserve its territorial integrity and national security, cultural values and national assets, state potentials and the identity of ethnic peoples.
The problem is to determine the epistemological connections between the concepts of threats and risks in relation to nuclear facilities, which in practice ensures a competent assessment of the surrounding environment, the creation of a reliable model of threats and ensuring the reliable safety of a specific nuclear facility.
Based on the above, the purpose of this article is to systematize numerical interpretations of the concepts of threats and risks in relation to the security of strategic nuclear facilities.
To achieve the set goal, it is necessary to solve the following scientific tasks: first, to analyze the concept of danger; secondly, consider the interpretation of the term risk; thirdly, to describe the relationship between a strategic nuclear facility, a threat, and a risk.
Based on the above, the strategic nuclear facility, its objectively existing threats and risks are strictly connected by a triangular functional scheme. Threats that may appear in the form of certain catastrophic events at a specific nuclear facility are assessed by the risk (probability) of the occurrence of a certain catastrophic event under selected conditions at this facility using specially developed methods.
The application of these logical relationships will allow not only to improve the existing methods of calculating the risks of catastrophic events occurring at nuclear facilities, but also to develop new models of emergency management at technological facilities.
Keywords: critical infrastructure object, nuclear object, terror, dangerous object, protection, concept.
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