Computerized planimetry provides standardized measurements. Douching and sexual activity may decrease ectopy through increased squamous metaplasia. Hormonal contraceptives were not associated with ectopy in adolescents. However, long-term progestin use may decrease T zone size.
Using a new, reliable, and standardized technique to quantify cervical ectopy, the authors did not find an elevated prevalence of chlamydial infection in adolescents with cervical ectopy. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate use may increase the risk of chlamydial infection compared with combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives.
e36 3 Wickramanayake J. Meet 10 young people leading the COVID-19 response in their communities. April 3, 2020. https://www. un.org/africarenewal/web-features/ coronavirus/meet-10-young-people-leadingcovid-19-response-their-communities (accessed April 20, 2020). 4 Kretzschmar K, Tyroll H, Pavarini G, Manzini A, Singh I. Can your phone be your therapist? Young people's ethical perspectives on the use of fully automated conversational agents (chatbots) in mental health support.
To assess the potential need, interest, and benefits of provision of contraceptive services in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, we surveyed 516 women attending an inner-city STD clinic regarding contraceptive and sexual practices. STD prevalence, knowledge of contraceptive-related STD prophylaxis, and interest in contraceptive services within the STD clinic setting. The study population was at high risk for unintended pregnancy and STDs; at time of interview 46 per cent of women were not contracepting and 59 per cent were treated for STD or STD exposure. Two-thirds of women had at least one prior pregnancy and 50 per cent had at least one living child. Only 26 per cent of women knew that some contraceptive methods may reduce the risk of STD acquisition; however, 62 per cent expressed interest in contraceptive methods which would reduce their risk of STD acquisition. This study suggests that provision of contraceptive services in STD clinic settings may address dual needs in a group at high risk for both unintended pregnancy and STD. (Am J Public Health 1987; 77:1427-1430 IntroduictionUnintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are recognized as major public health concerns by national and international health policy makers.`'' In the United States, women at risk for unintended pregnancy and for acquisition of STDs are often one and the same: women under age 25 account for two-thirds of STD morbidity and unintended pregnancy with highest rates for each occurring among non-White, inner-city, lower-income women.4± Although both family planning and STD services are concerned with the unplanned consequences of sexual activity, little coordinated programmatic effort currently exists at federal, state, or local levels.9'0 Integrated contraceptive and STD services for high-risk women could provide convenient reproductive health care in a cost efficient manner without duplication of efforts. " Since some methods of contraception may also reduce the risk of STD acquisition and complications,12-24 women might receive overlapping benefits from combined services.Despite proposals for combined services, no data are available substantiating that women at risk for STD are also at increased risk for unintended pregnancy. To obtain the necessary baseline information and to assess the potential need of providing contraceptive services in an inner-city STD clinic, we surveyed 516 women attending a Baltimore, Maryland STD clinic regarding contraceptive and sexual practices, levels of STDs, knowledge of and interest in STD-related prophylaxis, and willingness to utilize contraceptive services within a STD clinic setting.
MethodsIn survey. The questionnaire was administered by clinic health assistants trained to conduct interviews in a non-coercive manner. The health assistants were of similar age, race, and ethnic background as patients attending the clinic.Women attending the STD clinic are evaluated according to a standardized STD clinic protocol which includes a directed medical history, pel...
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