SummaryDrought is the single largest abiotic stress factor leading to reduced crop yields. The identifi cation of diff erentially expressed genes and the understanding of their functions in environmentally stressful conditions are essential to improve drought tolerance. Transcriptomics is a powerful approach for the global analysis of molecular mechanisms under abiotic stress. To identify genes that are important for drought tolerance, we analyzed mRNA populations from untreated and drought-stressed leaves of Triticum durum by cDNA --amplifi ed fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) technique. Overall, 76 transcript--derived fragments corresponding to diff erentially induced transcripts were successfully sequenced. Most of the transcripts identifi ed here, using basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) database, were genes belonging to diff erent functional categories related to metabolism, energy, cellular biosynthesis, cell defense, signal transduction, transcription regulation, protein degradation and transport. The expression pa erns of these genes were confi rmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT--PCR) based on ten selected genes representing diff erent pa erns. These results could facilitate the understanding of cellular mechanisms involving groups of genes that act in coordination in response to stimuli of water defi cit. The identifi cation of novel stress-responsive genes will provide useful data that could help develop breeding strategies aimed at improving durum wheat tolerance to fi eld stress.
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