Simulation provides an effective method to generate vibration signals in the presence of machine faults such as in gears and bearings. Lumped parameter models (LPMs) and the LPM combined with a reduced fi nite element (FE) model of the casing were previously used to simulate localised and extended bearing faults in the inner and outer race. The analysis of the vibration signals based on the above techniques clearly indicated the presence of localised inner and outer race faults through envelope analysis in a high frequency band. However, the simulated results showed poor spectral matching over a wide frequency range when compared with the test results. There were also discrepancies in the low frequency region where extended faults in the outer and/or inner race interact with and modulate gear mesh frequencies. This paper describes FE-test correlation wherein the FE model of the gearbox casing is updated based on experimental modal analysis prior to the model reduction. The updated casing model is subsequently reduced using the Craig-Bampton method of component mode synthesis subject to the frequency range of interest. The greatly reduced mass and stiffness matrices are imported into a simulation model developed earlier which has the capability of simulating time-varying stiffness non-linearities and geometric faults for both gears and bearings. REFERENCE: Deshpande, L. G., Sawalhi, N. M. & Randall, R. B. 2013, "Application of fi nite element model updating and reduction techniques to simulate gearbox bearing faults"ABSTRACT: Sugarcane processing produces cane sugar (sucrose) from freshly harvested sugarcane through mechanical milling processes such as shredding and crushing. To make sugarcane more processable, we employed heat treatment of sugarcane using microwave energy to soften sugarcane prior to its mechanical processing. In this paper, we report our fi rst simulation and experimental investigation of the infl uence of microwave heating on the mechanical properties of sugarcane stalk internodes. Finite-difference time-domain simulations were used to understand the microwave fi eld distribution in the microwave-heated sugarcane specimens. Microwave-heating induced sugarcane property changes in Young's modulus, yield strength and ultimate strength were measured using compressive testing. The results show that microwave heat treatment signifi cantly reduces mechanical strength and stiffness of sugarcane so that treated sugarcane stalks become more processable in mechanical milling processes. This work provides preliminary data with which the sugar industry could reduce shredding and crushing forces, torques, and energy. Potential savings in energy consumption, and operation and maintenance costs would be expected. REFERENCE: Yin, L., Singh, P., Brodie, G., Sheehan, M. & Jacob, M. V. 2013, "Experimental and simulation approaches: Effect of microwave energy on mechanical strength in sugarcane"
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