BACKGROUND AND AIM One of the serious health issues amongst physical therapists (PTs) is “Work-related musculoskeletal disorders”. WMSDs are correlated to physiotherapist’s gender, age group, specialization, and work activities. Depending upon the tasks performed by the PT, different body parts are affected. The irony is that physiotherapists develop musculoskeletal disorders when they are helping their patients.The main aim of this study was to find out the musculoskeletal disorders that are work-related in physical therapists. METHODOLOGY A cross sectional survey was conducted in Lahore and D.G. Khan for those working in hospitals or private clinics to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physiotherapists. For data collection, the questionnaire which was used was standard Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. The sample size was calculated to be 132. Both male and female physiotherapists were included those who have minimum experience of 4 months, working in hospitals or in private clinics. RESULTS Within 12 months, absolute recognized area affected by WRMSDs was upper limb than lower limb as well as in the recent 7 days the ratio was same. The order of pain during last 12 months was Neck > Low back > upper back. The order of pain during last 7 days Low back> neck> shoulder. CONCLUSION From this study, it was concluded that Physiotherapists working in clinics have a large number of work-related musculoskeletal disorders especially neck region and low back are the most affected regions while the minimally affected one is the elbow. KEY WORDS Physical therapists, Musculoskeletal injuries, Workload, Working environment, Biomechanics, Disorders.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disorder that can cause destructive joint disease, significant disability, and increased mortality. RA is the most frequent of all chronic inflammatory joint diseases, and its prevalence frequency in Pakistan is 1.6 per thousand people. Different cytokines and receptors were involved in the triggering of RA, including interleukin-6 (ILR-6), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen human leukocyte (HLA-DR) receptor, and CD20. Several studies illustrated RA as an inherent immune response and triggered due to the “shared epitope.” Therefore, the involvement of all these receptors (IL-6, HLA-DR, and CD20) leads to the neurological, ocular, respiratory, cardiac, skin, and hematological manifestations that have been considered a potential therapeutic target for drug design. Various herbal, natural, and synthetic source inhibitors of interleukin-6 (IL-6), human leukocyte (HLA-DR), and CD20 were studied and reported previously. Reported inhibitors are compared to elucidate the best inhibitor for clinical trials, leading to the orally active drug. In this study, a computer-aided drug designing approach disclosed the potential inhibitors for all receptors based on their distinct binding affinity. Moreover, drug suitability was carried out using Lipinski’s rule by considering the adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of ligands. Results elucidated “calycosin 7-O-glucoside” and “angeliferulate” as putative ligands for IL-6 and HLA-DR, respectively. However, the pharmacokinetic properties (ADMET) revealed angeliferulate as an effete ligand for the biological system compared to calycosin 7-O-glucoside. Based on docking, drug toxicity profiling or pharmacokinetics, and MD simulation stability, this study highlights orally active therapeutic inhibitors to inhibit the activity of pivotal receptors (IL6, HLA-DR, and CD20) of RA in humans. After clinical trials, the resultant inhibitors could be potential therapeutic agents in the drug development against RA.
Madam, Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders, with a prevalence of 5–20% in women of reproductive age.(1) A recently conducted study reported that participants having PCOS diagnosed by a physician had a higher prevalence of overweight/obese women than those that self-diagnosed with PCOS.(2) Hence PCOS is the most common condition in our community and to understand it’s characteristics and how to deal with it regarding treatment is very important. While knowing about its pathological cause, chromosomal studies of patients with PCOS have shown no consistent abnormality. It is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology. So, in old days it was assumed that PCOS should be treated endocrinologically. While, a more recent report concluded that hirsute PCOS women seem to have different dietary habits and reduced physical activity than controls.(3) There are many researches on dietary habits and effects of low carbohydrate diet on women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. With advancement of knowledge everyone knows about the significance of physical activity but to find the main effective treatment or regime in terms of physical therapy is difficult to find out. A systematic review on exercises therapy in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Eight manuscripts were studied and thereafter, concluded that exercise-specific interventions in PCOS are limited.(4) The results showed that even with this limited exercise interventions, there was improvement in the symptoms specifically in ovulation and weight loss. A Meta-analysis conducted in 2018 and then again in 2019 combining both, the exercise and balanced nutrition with treatment plan of 12 to 24 weeks and observed somehow improvements on PCOS patients.(5) But concluded that according to GRADE criteria, the studies were of low quality. It also had missing standardized data regarding standard physical therapy regimes for PCOS women. Though molecular genetic studies are currently ongoing, it needs more research in this domain as there is no permanent treatment of the disease. Regarding the current studies and research, the awareness is critical so that physicians can refer their PCOS patients to a nutritionist or endocrinologist as a preventive measurement. Moreover, there are only some articles supporting exercise in PCOS. Still there is a lack of research on physiotherapy protocols and specifically physiotherapy modalities with their effect on females with PCOS which needs to be focused in future. ---Continue
Background: The FIFA 11+ program is established protocol in the training of football players. Speed agility and power are also the crucial component of cricket performance. FIFA 11+ program may be the choice of training among cricketers. Objective: To determine the effects of FIFA 11+ program on speed, agility, power and quality of life among cricket players. Methods: A single blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on n= 50 cricket players were recruited through non-probability convenient sampling technique from Pakistan sports board and coaching centre Lahore. The inclusion criteria were cricketers having age between 14 to 35 years and those never participated in FIFA 11+ program was enrolled in study. The participants were randomly allocated to two groups receiving six (6) sessions of Injury prevention program FIFA 11+ (Group A) and conventional stretching (Group B) respectively. The outcome measures were 30m sprint test for speed, T-drill test for agility, 5 jumps test for power and athlete Life Quality Scale. As the data was not normally distributed non-parametric tests were applied for with-in and between the group comparisons. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.19 + 2.796 years. Both groups showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.001) in speed, agility, power, and quality of life. While comparing the groups, there was no significant difference (p=0.264) was observed in speed. But FIFA 11+ program showed more significant improvement in agility, power and quality of life as compare to conventional dynamic stretching group (p<0.05) after 3 weeks of intervention. Conclusion: FIFA 11+ program can be recommended as an effective approach towards improving the agility, power, and quality of life of in cricket players. Key words: Agility, Dynamic stretching program, FIFA 11+, Power, Speed, athlete, cricket
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