Eğitimin uzun bir süreç olduğu düşünüldüğünde bu sürecin en iyi şekilde organize edilmesi gerektiği ve her bir basamağının da birbirini tamamlar nitelikte programlanmasının önemi anlaşılmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden döküman incelemesinin kullanıldığı bu araştırma Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programında yer alan dil gelişimiyle ilgili kazanımların Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı ve Kılavuzunda bulunan ilk okuma ve yazma öğretimiyle ilgili kazanımları destekleme durumunu belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın 2013 yılında yayınladığı okul öncesi eğitim programında bulunan dil gelişimiyle ilgili 12 kazanım ve 73 gösterge öğrenme alanları (sözlü iletişim alanı, okuma alanı ve yazma alanı) doğrultusunda temalara ayrılmıştır. Okul öncesi eğitimin bir üst basamağı olarak tanımlanabilecek ilkokullarda 2015 yılından beri kullanılmakta olan İlköğretimde Türkçe Dersi Öğretim Programı ve Kılavuzu’nda bulunan ilk okuma-yazma öğretimiyle ilgili 41kazanım bu temalar alt başlığında analiz edilmiş ve dil gelişimiyle ilgili olarak okul öncesi eğitimin ilkokul birinci sınıf ilk okuma yazma becerilerini destekleme durumu ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak okul öncesi eğitim programının ilk okuma ve yazma öğrenme süreciyle ilgili olarak “Hazırlık” aşaması ile “Sesi "hissetme ve tanıma” aşamalarını içerdiği ve bu sayede ilk okuma yazma becerilerinin gelişmesini desteklediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca “Sesi / harfi okuma ve yazma”, “Seslerden / harflerden heceler, kelimeler ve cümleler oluşturma” ve “Metin oluşturma” öğrenme süreci aşamalarının da ön koşulunu sağladığı görülmüştür.
The purpose of this research is to examine the perceptions of gifted and typically developing students regarding the COVID-19 epidemic through metaphors. In the study, in which phenomenology, one of the qualitative research methods, was used, the data were obtained by demographic information form and semi-structured interview form. A total of 130 students, 69 of whom are typically developing and 61 gifted, who are 5-8th grade students between the ages of 10-14, were studied in the city center of Amasya. The students' “COVID-19 epidemic is like …….. Because ………………..” when their answers to open-ended sentence completion are examined; the first three metaphors most frequently used by gifted students regarding COVID-19 are in the category of limiting and/or changing habits (f=18), fatal (f=15), and contagious and/or chronic (f=11). When we look at the metaphors of the students with typical development regarding COVID-19, the first three categories are limiting and/or changing habits (f=17), fatal (f=13), and preventable and/or temporary (f=12) categories. As a result of the research, it was found that both groups used metaphors that they were generally negatively affected by the epidemic process, and discussions and suggestions were made through literature studies.
The first 6 years of life are important in the development of children. These years are both the period when development is the fastest in all areas and children acquire basic habits. For this reason, the introduction of individuals to the concept of health from early childhood is an important determinant of their attitudes and behaviors regarding health in their future lives. In this context, our study aimed to evaluate the opinions of children between the ages of 3-6 on the concept of health. The study group of the study consisted of 24 children who attended and did not attend pre-school education in Amasya city center. In the study where the qualitative research method was used, the data were collected with semi-structured interview questions created by the researchers. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. The data were organized and interpreted in categories. The results showed that children's views on the concept of health focused on nutrition at 36-60 months, while children aged 61 months and older were associated with not being sick. It has been observed that the responses of children about what needs to be healthy consist mostly of nutrition-related responses, while health behaviors such as hygiene and exercise are less expressed. Children have been found to frequently associate indicators of health and/or ill-health with symptoms of illness. Similarly, it was found that participants in all age groups expressed the opinion that they would be sick when health was not taken care of. The results were discussed within the framework of the literature and suggestions for supporting children's health behaviors were presented.
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