Patient: Male, 35Final Diagnosis: RhabdomyolysisSymptoms: Muscle pain • nauseaMedication: —Clinical Procedure: Intravenous fluidsSpecialty: Family MedicineObjective:Unusual or unexpected effect of treatmentBackground:Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle breakdown, that involves the release of intracellular contents into the circulation, including creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin, electrolytes, organic acids, and purines. Causes of rhabdomyolysis include trauma, exertion, drugs, and toxins (including alcohol), and electrolyte abnormalities. The treatment of rhabdomyolysis is to remove the cause and use intravenous (IV) fluids. When this treatment strategy fails to work, high-dose IV steroids may be used.Case Report:We present a case of rhabdomyolysis following the use of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) or ‘ecstasy’ with hypophosphatemia, which was found to be refractory to intravenous hydration. In this case, pulsed dosing of steroid therapy was found to be effective.Conclusions:Rhabdomyolysis that is refractory to treatment with IV fluids may respond to a short-term, high-dose course of IV steroids.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor is the latest class of anti diabetic medication that improves glycemic control in insulin independent fashion by increasing urinary loss of filtered glucose. Since its introduction in 2013, several cases of euglycemic DKA have been reported in patients being treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors. Blood glucose levels in range lower than expected for DKA makes the diagnosis challenging if clinical suspicion for euglycemic DKA is not high. We report a case of a patient being treated with canagliflozin who presented with DKA, AKI and mild hyperglycemia that was complicated by stress-induced cardiomyopathy.

Gabapentin, an anti-epileptic drug (AED) is commonly used off label for management of neuropathic pain and psychiatric disorders. Dosing of gabapentin requires taking into consideration the renal function as it is entirely cleared by the kidneys. Acute kidney injury and end stage renal disease increase the risk of developing myoclonic activity, an infrequent manifestation of gabapentin toxicity. We report a case of confusion and myoclonic activity related to gabapentin toxicity coincident with acute kidney injury that resolved with discontinuation of gabapentin and treatment with intravenous fluid hydration. As gabapentin is commonly used off label across multiple specialties, clinician recognition of the significance of renal dosing and understanding of the potential association with myoclonus and neurotoxicity is important.