Objective: This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between maternal vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and neonatal vitamin D concentrations at birth.Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort of 236 healthy pregnant women from various ethnicity in early pregnancy (≤20 weeks of pregnancy) was followed at late pregnancy (28–40 weeks of pregnancy) and birth. Maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was assessed at early pregnancy (baseline) and late pregnancy, while neonatal cord serum 25(OH)D at birth. General estimating equations (GEE) were used to analyze the longitudinal association of maternal serum 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy and neonatal cord serum 25(OH)D levels at birth with adjusting for the time exposure, maternal weight gain, ethnicity, and skin type.Results: The results showed that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <50 nmol/L) was at 89.9, 92.2, and 96.1% in early, late pregnancy and in neonatal cord serum, respectively. The GEE analysis showed a trend that longitudinal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy leads to lower vitamin D concentrations in neonatal cord blood (RR = 1.17; 95% CI (1.05–1.36); p = 0.04).Conclusion: Longitudinal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy leads to vitamin D deficiency in neonates at birth. A further trial is needed to affirm this association.

Background Allergic conditions and respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are common causes of morbidity and mortality in childhood. The relationship between vitamin D status in pregnancy (mothers), early life (infants) and health outcomes such as allergies and RTIs in infancy is unclear. To date, studies have shown conflicting results. Objective This systematic review aims to gather and appraise existing evidence on the associations between serum vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy and at birth and the development of eczema, wheezing, and RTIs in infants.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is common among childbearing women that affect quality of life and the screening should be performed as early as possible to prevent further complication in later life. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and practice of UI screening and its associated factors among childbearing women. Methods: A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling method was carried out among 113 childbearing women attending selected Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Kuantan. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to participants from February 2020 to April 2020. A structured validated Malay version questions towards urinary incontinence screening were used consisting of 20 items on knowledge, 11 items on attitude and 12 items on practices. Results: The response rate for this study was 71% and 93.8% of participants were Malay. Majority of childbearing women, 92%, showed lack of knowledge on urinary incontinence and 91.1% of them never do the screening. Only 39.8% of childbearing women have positive attitude towards the urinary incontinence screening. One Way Anova test shows no association between education level and knowledge (p=0.074) and no association between parity and severity (p=0.843). However, Independent t-test shows a statistical difference between severity of urinary incontinence and screening practice (p=0.036). Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practice of urinary incontinence screening need to be enhanced among childbearing women. Health education and awareness campaign should be done regularly to encourage childbearing women to do the screening and discuss the consequence of urinary incontinence in future with health care providers.

Objectives: This study aims to identify knowledge, attitude, and practice of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and to identify the prevalence of urinary incontinence. Materials and methods: The method used was a cross-sectional study. Self-administered knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaires were distributed among childbearing women attending Maternal & Child Health Clinics in the East Coast region of Malaysia. Results: The findings revealed that most respondents (N = 896) had good or moderate knowledge (80.1%) and attitudes (77.3%) regarding PFMT but most of them (87.2%) still lacked practice. However, there was no association between urinary incontinence and PFMT practice. On the contrary, married women showed a higher risk of urinary incontinence. Conclusions: The practice of pelvic floor muscle training should be recommended and emphasized to childbearing women by healthcare professionals.