Investigations on sandfly breeding sites in Marigat, Baringo District, in Kenya were carried out using a soil incubation technique. Soil samples from natural resting sites were collected, incubated and observed daily for emerging adult phlebotomine sandflies. This technique proved to be the best in the recovery of phlebotomine sandflies from known resting sites. Ten sandfly species were recovered from soil collected from animal burrows and termite hills.Resume-Des etude sur les sites de reproduction des phlebotomes ont ete deja faites en utilisant plusieurs methodes en vue de detecter les stades preimaginaux des phlebotomes. Certaines des techniques deja utilisees comprenaien l'examen direct du sol, la technique de flottation utilisant une solution de sulphate de cuivre, une solution de sucre saturee et une reproduction simulee placee dans des sites de repos naturels. Ces techniques n'ont pas eu de succes en ce qui concerne Identification des sites de reproduction. Les etudes en cours a Marigat, District de Baringo, ont utilise la technique de l'incubation du sol. On a preleve des echantillons de sol naturel des sites. Ces sols ont ete soummis e l'incubation et observes chaque jour pour detecter l'emergence des phlbotomes adultes. Cette technique s'est averee un outil utile dans ces examens. Dix especes differents de phlebotomes etaient recuperes du sol collecte des terriers et des termitieres.
Effects of permethrin-treated screens on the sand fly, Phlebotomus martini Parrot, a vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Kenya, were evaluated after the eighth treatment. Screens treated with 0.50 g/m2 of permethrin 20% emulsifiable concentrate were fitted inside houses and re-treated every 6 mo from August 1989 to December 1993. Before application of the treated screens, a geometric mean of 0.83 P. martini were collected per trap night inside houses, whereas after the eighth treatment only 0.05 sand flies were caught. P. martini abundance was reduced by 88.8%. Analysis of the effects of treated screens on the total sand fly population (all species) indicated that 1.79 sand flies were collected per night per house before deployment of treated screens, whereas 0.16 flies were caught after the eighth treatment. The percentage of sand fly reduction inside treated houses increased with successive treatment of the screens, and a reduction of 81.4% was observed after the eighth treatment. Permethrin-treated screens did not reduce the sand fly engorgement rate inside houses.
SYNOPSIS
Hitherto it was considered that Phlebotomus longipes Parrot & Martin occurred in Ethiopia, Kenya and the Sudan and was the vector of Leish‐mania tropica (Wright) in Ethiopia and in one area of Kenya. Study of additional specimens indicates that those from Kenya, the Sudan and one area of Ethiopia represent a new species. Both species show local variation.
Chorionic sculpturing on eggs of Phlebotomus pedifer Lewis, Mutinga, and Ashford; the closely related Phlebotomus aculeatus Lewis, Minter, and Ashford (= P. elegonensis Ngoka, Madel, and Mutinga); and Phlebotomus martini Parrot was examined and compared by scanning electron microscopy. The eggs of P. pedifer had a general pattern of longitudinal ridges; those of P. aculeatus and P. martini exhibited intraspecific differences. Chorionic patterns of eggs were not reliable to differentiate these species. It is suggested that other methods of differentiation should be used on these species.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.