The seawater desalination facilities by reverse osmosis membranes in the world are reviewed. The largest seawater desalination facility using reverse osmosis started its operation at Chatan water purification plant in Okinawa prefectural water works. The high-efficiency seawater desalination technology which improves the recovery ratio of fresh water up to 60% developed by a manufacturing company of reverse osmosis membranes in Japan is explained. Finally the state of the art of desalination technology development using reverse osmosis membranes is discussed.
Ultra-low pressure RO membrane module "ES series" and high performance under operating pressure of 0.7 MPa. The ES series requires about half of the operating pressure as most commonly available aromatic polyamide composite RO membranes, so they can save energy costs and initial costs.The ES series consist of 3 types, that is, "ES10", "ES15" and "ES20". "ES10" , is a base grade, in which NaCl rejection is 99.5% and permeate flux is 30 m3/day at 0.7 MPa. "ES15" has higher permeate flux, and "ES20" has higher NaCl rejection than that of ES10. All types have 2 grades for their usage , that is, desalination of tap water and making of ultra pure water.
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