This paper examined the evolution and development of vocational education in Nigeria. It is explained as a process towards the attainment of industrialization and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Before the 1930s, there was little focus on the dissemination of vocational education for development in Nigeria. The findings revealed that training schemes were basically instituted to train manpower to facilitate exportation and generate revenue for the colonial government in Nigeria. The areas of vocational education covered are; agricultural education, textile training, domestic science education, secretarial and management education and so on. The conception of vocational education here is concerned about the types of training given to Nigerians and its impact on sustainable self-employment and industrialization in the postcolonial era. The work adopted a historical approach by using primary and secondary sources.
The Great Upheaval: Women and Nation in Postwar Nigeria was written by Judith Byfield, a scholar well versed in Nigeria's colonial history. Rooted specifically in the colonial history of Abeokuta, the book has six chapters. The first chapter covers "The Birth and Demise of a Nation: The Egba United Government." The second chapter looks at "Abeokuta's Centenary: Masculinity and Nationalist Politics in a Colonial Space." Chapter Three examines "Race, Nation, and Politics in the Interwar period." The fourth chapter deals with "Women, Rice, and War: Economic Crisis in Wartime Abeokuta." Chapter Five focuses on "Freedom from Want: Politics, Protest, and the Postwar Interlude," and the last chapter is titled "Daughters of Tinubu: Crisis and Confrontation in Abeokuta."Chapter One examines the growth of cultural nationalism and an emerging Christian state in Abeokuta during the nineteenth century, even before British colonialism. In this chapter, Byfield makes reference to women's work and economic independence (34), affirming how gender was construed in Abeokuta before colonialism. Yet, with the advent of colonial government, women were nevertheless excluded in the administrative setup of the Egba United Government (EUG) (39, 62).As British colonialism scuttled the ideals which made the Egba nation exclusive, the emergence of King Ademola II, the Alake, changed the dynamics of state-making. The author analyzes how taxation created a colonial capitalist system, with funds from taxation being used to build the Centenary Hall (65). The power of the kingship institution and the centralization of authority would later be reflected in the economic crises and class struggles that led to the "The Great Upheaval." The Great Upheaval, according to Wole Soyinka, was the crisis that forced the Alake (the king) to vacate his throne, and it was aided by the alliance of market women and educated women in Abeokuta (2). Each of the chapters presents episodic events, revolving from the Abeokuta centenary celebration in
The 1972 indigenisation policy was planned to encourage the growth of indigenous Nigerian businesses. This paper takes a clue from this policy to engage a discourse on the hegemonic influences of trademarks of multinational companies and its implication on the growth of indigenous Nigerian businesses. Trademark is a distinctive sign, mark or symbol which is used to brand a product or service. Despite the fact that a trademark section exists under Nigerian commercial law, and used in indigenous businesses, their operational trademark existences were rarely recognized in consumption decision. On the other hand, trademarks of the products/ service of multinational companies continue to dominate and circulate the consumer behaviour. With the use of magazines, trade journals and books, examples were drawn for analysis.
The culture of singing and dancing is peculiar to Africa. Before the Trans-Atlantic trade, the culture was a creative expression in everyday life. From a historical perspective, this work examines the movement of African culture into the Trans-Atlantic world through the artistic performances of women in Diaspora. The African Diaspora is a diverse world outside Africa. Hence, this work analyses the experiences across the societies of the African Americans, Afro-Brazilians, the Yoruba Diaspora, Afro-Caribbean, within Africa among others. Women in this spaces have encountered various dynamics of being African descent in al long duree. It examines the historical process that influenced the contemporary practices in the work of female artistes in Diaspora. The work complicates the experiences of female artistes as a manifestation of the characteristics of racial and gender inequalities driven by the struggles for self-worth and determination in the Diaspora. Invariably, this work analysed how cultural ideas from Africa transferred to the diaspora. Significantly, the African female artistes in Diaspora use their work to re-enact and revolve culture by which entrepreneurial tendencies featured. The historical method is adopted.
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