This paper presents a conceptual model a management of zakah in Indonesia. A variety of reforms and new ideas in the management and institutions are responsible for collecting and distributing of zakah. Zakah is a specific property with certain conditions prescribed for certain people and given to people or certain people (recipients) as well. The main aim of zakah has two dimensions i.e., spirituality (individually) and social economy to empowerment and enhance the status of the ummah (community). Indonesia as a country with huge Muslim population has great potential in the collection and distribution of zakah. If zakah is managed properly, it will certainly have positive effect on the well-being of poor Indonesians. In 1999 the government of Indonesia issued the Law on the management of zakah, from the moment zakah management in Indonesia entering a new era. Zakah management becomes more professional and systematic. There are two of zakah collections and distribution, i.e. governmental approach and nongovernmental approach. Government established approach consists Badan Amil Zakah (BAZ) and Baitul Mal, meanwhile nongovernmental approach consists Lembaga Amil Zakah (LAZ) (such as Dhuafa Wallet and Zakah Home), Mosques, Islamic Boarding School (pesantren) and Individually. Lack of coordination between all institutions of zakah management has resulted in the achievement of zakah collection and distribution does not optimum. The existence of the trust to the board of the crisis the government formed between the inhibited zakah management of Indonesia. Besides the sociological aspects of weakness, juridical aspect is also one reason why potential zakah Indonesia has not fully handled.
This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the influence of the characteristics of local governments on local government financial distress in districts and cities throughout Indonesia for the period 2015-2017 whose data was obtained from the BPK and BPS. The dependent variable in this study is financial distress and its independent variables, namely the characteristics of local governments which consist of financial independence, the degree of decentralization, the complexity of local governments that are proxied by population, expansion of regions proxied by the administrative age of regional governments and area. The value of financial independence, population and regional expansion has a positive and significant effect on financial distress, while the value of the decentralization degree and area has a negative and significant effect on the financial distress of the regency and city governmen in Indonesia.Keywords: Local Government Finance, Characteristics of Local Government; Financial Distress
This paper aimed at making a critical review of the history behind the establishment and development of Islamic bank in Indonesia. This review revealed that the establishment of Islamic bank in Indonesia emanated from the undertowed and it's divided into three phases. These phases are the phase of idea or thinking, the phase of rethinking, and the phase of establishmented and maturation. The main issues and problems that inhibited the establishment of Indonesian Islamic banks were political issues, lack of government support, legal issues, social problems, economic problems (lack of capital) and the debate among scholars about the legal prohibition of halal-interest conventional banks. These issues and problems delayed the establishment of Islamic bank in Indonesia.
The Journal of Economics and Business is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
This paper aims to identify the concept of personality measurement in Islam by analyzing the principles used to measure the personality of Islamic consumers. Existing personality measurement tools presently come from Western concepts. Western personality measurement tools are formulated according to the views, values and religious beliefs of the Judeo-Christian community. Hence, the cultural values and religious beliefs of Western society influence the concept of personality used in measuring one's personality. The use of Western personality measurement tools is inappropriate in the context of measuring individual Muslim personality. Personality measurement is essentially a measure of the extent of one's commitment and adherence to his or her religious values. To measure the personality of a Muslim, a measurement tool based on Islamic principles is needed. The findings show that the concept of personality measurement tools in Islam should be based on the tasawur, which is based on the Qur'an and Hadith. From the tasawur, the principles of the Muslim consumer personality, namely, the principles of tauhid, caliph and akhlaq (morality), are born. Based on these concepts and principles, the Islamic consumer personality measurement tools can be built for the needs of Muslim individual personality measurement.
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