Background: Actinic keratoses (AKs) are a consequence of chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Treatment of chronically photo-damaged skin and AKs is driven by risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma, as well as for symptomatic relief. Conventional photodynamic therapy (c-PDT) is indicated when AKs are multiple or confluent and if patients respond poorly or are unable to tolerate other therapies. c-PDT is limited by the field size that can be treated in single sessions and can cause significant discomfort. Objective: Recent studies investigated daylight illumination to activate protoporphyrin IX and daylight-PDT (d-PDT) is now licensed in the UK for face and scalp AKs. A group of experts met to discuss application of d-PDT with methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) and develop a UK consensus statement, specific to UK weather conditions. Methods: The UK consensus recommendations were reached among eight experts, who reviewed recent studies on d-PDT, assessed UK meteorological data and discussed personal experiences of d-PDT for AKs. Results: Recommendations from these discussions provide guidance on d-PDT use, specifically regarding patient selection, therapeutic indications, when to treat, skin preparation, MAL application and daylight exposure for patients with AKs. Conclusions: This UK expert consensus provides practical guidance for UK application of d-PDT.
A patient presented with progressive and unresponsive erythematous rash affecting his trunk and limbs over a period of 5 years. His systemic examination and extensive relevant investigations were normal throughout this period. Skin biopsies at different times showed features of annular erythema, cutaneous pseudolymphoma and sub-acute dermatitis. Five years after the initial presentation, he developed erythroderma, leonine facies, lymphadenopathy and peripheral lymphocytosis. CT chest and abdomen revealed generalised lymphadenopathy. Skin biopsy and immunophenotyping was suggestive of Sezary syndrome. However, peripheral blood smear examination was highly suggestive of T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (TPLL). Subsequent molecular genetic analysis was consistent with TPLL. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of cutaneous pseudolymphoma transforming to TPLL in the literature. The long indolent course of apparently benign skin disease before transforming into TPLL appears to be unique in our case. An analogy can be made with cutaneous
Drug-induced skin disease is one of the commonest dermatological presentations in both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. It affects 2%–3% of hospitalized patients, and it is estimated that 1 in 1000 hospitalized patients has a serious cutaneous drug reaction. The clinical presentation can mimic any skin disease and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any acute-onset symmetrical skin eruption. It is important to make a correct diagnosis, as removal of the offending drug results in clinical resolution in most instances.
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